1. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Grade 9 Science
This ppt introduces and reviews ways of separating mixtures

2. Mixtures can be separated by physical means…
Physical means are those that do not change the nature of the substances being separated.

3. Filtration can be used to separate an insoluble substance from a soluble substance
Here you can introduce the terms Filtrate and residue.

5. This shows an example of filtration in providing clean drinking water.

6. Another view of drinking water filtration

8. Evaporation can be used to separate a solute from the solvent in a solution
Review the terms; solution, solute and solvent.

9. Water cycle is an example of how physical processes are being used on a daily basis.

10. Evaporation of sea water to produce salt
Some areas of the world evaporate sea water to get sea salt. Salzburg in Austria is an example of a city where salt deposits have been left by evaporation of long ago oceans. The salt is now mined.
Evaporation of sea water to produce salt

11. Distillation allows the separation of a solvent from a solution
Bath tub gin and illicit brewing of of moonshine are examples of how people have used distillation to concentrate alcohol. Distilled water also uses this method to obtain pure water.
Distillation allows the separation of a solvent from a solution

12. Chemical apparatus showing a Leibig condenser
Chemical apparatus showing a Leibig condenser. Note the cooling water enters at the bottom and is pushed up the outer jacket. Introduce the word Distillate.

14. This slide shows how lavender oil is made
This slide shows how lavender oil is made. Lavender flowers are placed into a large steamer and the steam extracts the oil. Steam and lavender oil are then cooled. The lavender oil being less dense floats on the surface of the cooled water. Some lavender oil dissolves in the water. This water is used over and over again increasing the concentration of the lavender solution. This can then be sold as “Lavender water’ a popular fragrance in Victorian England.

15. A separating funnel can be used to separate two liquids which are immiscible

16. Chromatography allows separation of different pigment colours
Chromatography has many applications, such as the use in forensics to identify drugs and DNA samples. These are obviously more sophisticated versions than the pigment chromatography shown here.
Chromatography allows separation of different pigment colours

18. A magnet
Can be used to separate a magnetic substance from a non-magnetic substance
Magnets are used in the re-cycling industry to separate ferrous and non ferrous metals.