1. ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations: The process of shortening of a root which is linguistically convenient but need not reflect the morphological make-up of the full form.
There are three kinds of abbreviation:
Clippings
Acronyms
Blendings
Clippings: The process of shortening a word to initial syllable, first two syllable (s), middle syllable or final syllable (the last two syllables).
a. Shortening to the initial syllable or first two syllables:
Examples: Advertisement → Ad (s)
Demonstration → Demo
Examination → exam

2. ABBREVIATION ( Cont……)
b. shortening to the middle syllable
Examples: influenza → flu
refrigerator → fridge
c. shortening to the final syllables.
Examples: telephone → phone
airplane → plane
Acronym: The process of shortening a word into initial letter (s) that make up a name.
1. Acronyms which are pronounced as sequences of letters.
a. The letters represent full words
Examples: C.O.D, EEC, eg., ESP, FBI, KL, LA, UFO, UN, VIP,
WHO, BBC, etc.

3. ABBREVIATION (Cont…….)
b. The letters represent constituents in a compound or just
part of a word.
Examples: GHQ, ID, TB, TV.
2. Acronyms which are pronounced as a word.
Examples: laser, NATO, radar, UNESCO, ASEAN, WASP, TOEFL, TEFL, UNICEF, OPEC, etc.
Blending: The process of shortening a word by blending one word with another.
Examples: breakfast + lunch → brunch
motor + hotel → motel
swimsuit + sensation → swimsation
tiger + lion → tigon

4. ABBREVIATION (Cont…..) breath + analyser → breathlyser
electro + execute → electrocute
helicopter + airport → heliport
news + broadcast → newscast