1. Warm up
When the bell rings, please begin quietly working on the Inventions warmup on your desk. Read over the list and answer the questions below.
Please have your Tweet homework out and ready to be collected

2. Quick West Review
Settlers pushed further westward in search of jobs, fortune, fresh start
The federal government encouraged this, providing incentives to move and fighting and imposing restrictions Native Americans occupying the lands
Living on the frontier was harsh, but new technological developments made life easier

4. Rise of Industry and Big Business
Unit 1
Rise of Industry and Big Business

5. Main Idea
At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fueled an Industrial boom.

6. Causes of Rapid Industrialization
An abundance of natural resources
Coal, iron, lumber
Developments in technology; Transportation
An adequate and cheap labor supply
A growing domestic market
Federal support for industrial projects
By 1890, the value of industrial goods and services, for the first time, exceeded that of agricultural products.

7. Natural Resources Oil = Black Gold!
1859- Edwin L. Drake, successfully use a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, PA, then removing oil from beneath the earth’s surface became practical.
Started an oil boom.
Gasoline, a by-product of the refining process was originally thrown away, but became the most important form after the car became popular!

8. Rapid Industrialization
Factories increase production
New tools and production methods for larger numbers of goods
Mass production-More quantity, less quality
Assembly lines
Long work days hours
Transformation of the food Industry
Methods of processing food for shipping
Railroads expand markets and shipping for resources

9. Steel Henry Bessemer and William Kelley
Created a new process called “Bessemer Process”- blowing air through molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities
By 1880, American manufacturers were using this new method to produce more than 90% of nation’s steel

10. Steel Changes Everything
Railroads
Barbed Wire
Innovative construction
Brooklyn Bridge, 1883
Skyscrapers

11. Thomas Alva Edison “America’s Greatest Inventor”
Established research lab in Menlo Park, NJ
”First” Industrial Research Laboratory
Held more than 1,000 patents
Perfected the incandescent light bulb in 1880
Also invented a system for creating and distributing electrical power

12. George Westinghouse Pioneer of electrical industry
Invented technology for sending electricity over long distances
Alternate Current- allowed for electricity to power homes, factories, and city streets

13. Alexander Graham Bell 1876- patented the telephone
Several people “invented” versions of the telephone (as early as 1854, but Bell is often given credit).
More than 1 million telephones in the US by 1900

14. Model T Automobile Henry Ford produced first car in 1896
Began to reshape American cultural and social life
automobiles on highways
1917-nearly 5 million!
Importance of Assembly Line:

15. The Airplane Wright Brothers
Test flight near Kitty Hawk, NC in December, 1903.
Airplane took off by itself, traveled 120 f.t in 12 seconds
Fall of improved plane which could fly over 23 miles!
Began to take passengers the next year

16. U. S. Patents Granted 1790s  276 patents issued.

17. Big Business

18. New Business Culture
Laissez Faire  the ideology of the Industrial Age.
Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.
NO government intervention; regulations, tariffs, etc.

19. New Business Culture Corporations Entrepreneurs
Company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.
Took advantage of expanding markets
Investors lose no more than original investment
Entrepreneurs
Person who operates or organizes a business
Flourish in system of Capitalism & Free Enterprise
Fuel industrialization by investing in products or ideas to make a profit

20. Advantages of a Corporation
Maximized profits
Limited Liability
Same rights as an individual
Buy & sell property
Sue in courts

21. Trusts
A trust is a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of another.
A trust is created by a donor, who transfers property to a trustee. The trustee holds that property for the trust's beneficiaries
Companies assign their stock to a board of trustees
Board combines stock into new organization & runs the organization
Perfected by JP Morgan

22. Images of the Industrial Era
What are some positive effects? Negative?