1. Unit 2
Organic Molecules

2. The Universal Solvent- Water
Day 1
The Universal Solvent- Water

3. Remember color code
Blue- to help you remember Red- Important point to know Green- definition that’s needed

4. Background Information
Atom- basic unit of matter
Proton and neutron- subatomic particles in the nucleus
Electron- subatomic particle in charge of bonding on the outside of the nucleus
Covalent Bond- bond in which electrons are shared
Ionic bond- bond in which electrons are donated or received
Hydrogen bond- bond caused by differences in charges on a polar covalent molecule

5. Why is water SO important?
Water is polar which makes it the universal solvent
Hydrophilic- polar substances that are easily dissolved In water (i.e. sugar)
Hydrophobic- nonpolar substances that are not easily dissolved in water (i.e. oil)
Has a neutral pH (acidity vs. basicity)
Water forms H+ and OH- ions
Can act as a buffer- substances that resist changes in pH

6. Why is water SO important?
3. Water has a high specific heat
Specific heat is how much heat is required to change the temp of a substance by 1 degree
Able to help normalize temperature changes
4. Water floats when it freezes
Why would this be important?

7. Why is water SO important?
5. Cohesion and Adhesion-
Cohesion- Water is attracted to water molecules
Creates surface tension
Adhesion-Water is attracted to other substances
Why are these concepts important?
6. Allows for molecules to synthesized or hydrolyzed
Synthesis- put together
Hydrolysis- break apart

9. pH scale Compares how acidic substances are 0- 6 is acidic
7 is neutral
8-14 is basic

10. Buffers
Weak acids or bases in a cell that serve as protection against changes in pH
Our blood is a buffer solution maintaining a neutral pH of about very close to waters pH

11. Most Important Elements to Living Things:
C, H, N, O, P, S
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur