1. Personal Rule
‘The breakdown of Charles I’s PR in 1640 was sudden and unexpected’. How far do you agree?
Assess the reasons why Charles I’s PR became widely unpopular in England
How effective was the policy of ‘thorough’ in England and Ireland?
How successful was Charles I’s Personal Rule?

2. Religious Policy Laud – High Church Arminian appointments inc Wren
Book of Sports
Beauty of Holiness – altar movement
Gentry pews removed
Use of High commission
‘Lordly prelate raised from the dunghill’
Burton, Bastwick and Prynne
Henrietta Maria and converting of courtiers

3. Scotland Presbyterian Prayer Book Jenny Geddes Guns
Scottish National Convention
Bishops Wars

4. Thorough Strafford in Ireland Improved admin in I
Bully – upset families like the Burke family
Galway
Created a sleeping monster – October 1641
In England meant rigorous carrying out of laws – not illegal just not how it had been done for years
Would Strafford use same methods used in Ireland with Scots and English

5. Finance –Ship Money
Very unpopular because collected on all and in peacetime
BUT was collected of £190,000 only £5,000 not collected
Financial stability – Portland balanced crown income with expenditure of £618,000
Hampden’s case

6. Finance - other Charles I‘s extravagance meant not live of his own
Forest Fines
Distraint of Knighthood
Nuisances
Made him unpopular with gentry
Revenue raised by Portland went up by 25%
Could not pay for war

7. Foreign Policy Thirty years war – neutrality
But neutrality in favour of Spain – ships
Policy might be justified in that peace was better for trade/merchants
Bishops Wars – disaster for PR – cover both 1st and 2nd

8. Absolutism Calling back of Strafford Prerogative Courts
Imposition of policies
Short Parliament – shows views of Parl but also its dismissal shows King still thinks he is in charge = absolute