1. Chapter 3
Colonial America

2. Early English Settlements
Section 1
Early English Settlements
English struggled to settle and form a colony in N. America
Humphrey Gilbert: claimed Newfoundland in 1583 but died at sea
Sir Walter Raleigh: settled Roanoke Island but settlers returned to England after difficult winter

4. John White: map maker/artist, led a group back to Roanoke
He returned to England for supplies but didn’t return to to Roanoke for 3 yrs
Roanoke was deserted, word carved on post: Croatoan Island
that is where he believed the group had gone there, but unable to explore to find out
All trips were granted by Queen Elizabeth of England to settle the new land

6. The year 1606 is the next time merchants were given charters to settle the area

7. The Virginia Company
Group of merchants sent settlers to search for gold and establish trade in fish & furs
Ship entered Chesapeake Bay in April 1607
Named the settlement Jamestown in honor of their king
Colony survived because of Capitan John Smith
Colony lacked leadership when Smith left, suffered a hard winter and fighting between Indians

9. Discovered how to make money by growing a type of tobacco
The colony of Virginia prospered
Relations w/Indians improved
Land ownership was expanded
Colonists had a government – The House of Burgesses
King James made Jamestown England’s first royal colony in America

10. New England Colonies Next colonists came for religious freedom
Section 2
New England Colonies
Next colonists came for religious freedom
Some wanted changes in the Anglican Church

11. Separatists Persecuted in England & fled
Made arrangements with Virginia Company
Called themselves pilgrims because their journey had a religious purpose
Mayflower took some pilgrims
Landed in Cape Cod – Plymouth
Territory was outside of Virginia Company and its laws – Mayflower Compact was drawn up

13. Puritans Wanted new religious freedoms, were granted charter
Massachusetts Bay Company
Saw a opportunity to create a new society based on the Bible
Settled a place called Boston
Journey was called Great Migration
Led by John Winthrop
Him & his assistants made colony laws
Eventually male church members helped sustain laws

15. Thomas Hooker Led his congregation to Connecticut and founded Hartford
Hartford and 2 other towns form a colony and adopt a plan of gov’t called:
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

16. Roger Williams
Settled Rhode Island when he was forced out of Massachusetts
His religious beliefs banished him
Took up refuge with some Native people and founded town of Providence
Place where all faiths could worship freely

17. New England went to war against the Wampanoag people
Conflicts w/Natives arose when settlers moved onto their land w/o permission
1st war broke out
2 traders were killed in Pequot territory
Troops from CT would burn their main village and kill hundreds
New England went to war against the Wampanoag people
The chief wanted to stop people from moving onto their land
Wampanoag would lose and colonists were free to expand settlement

18. Middle Colonies The Dutch West India Company Founded New Amsterdam
Section 3
Middle Colonies
The Dutch West India Company
Founded New Amsterdam
Center of shipping to and from America
Wanted more settlers in its colony
Offered estates to anyone who brought workers to work the land
Landowners called patroons

19. England wanted to own the established trade colony of New Amsterdam from the Dutch
England sent fleet and took over the colony because the governor was unprepared
Renamed the colony New York
It was a proprietary colony

20. New Jersey Established by John Berkeley and George Carteret
Not as successful as New York
Didn’t profit enough
Made a royal colony

21. Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn
He was given large piece of land for a payment
He was a Quaker and saw a chance to put his beliefs into practice
Believed everyone was equal
Proprietary colony

22. Southern Colonies Maryland
Section 4
Southern Colonies
Maryland
Established by Cecilius
He gave large estates to English aristocrats
As the number of plantations grew so did the need for people to work them
Indentured servants and enslaved Africans were important to the colony
Many servants or other settlers were granted freedom if they worked w/o pay for a certain length of time

24. 1663 King Charles II created a colony south of Virginia called Carolina – Latin for “Charles Land”
John Locke wrote a constitution for the colony
It didn’t develop as planned & split into North and South creating 2 colonies

25. 2 dominate crops in Carolina
North C
Grew tobacco and sold timber and tar
Used Virginia’s ports to trade
South C
Fertile farmland
Harbor at Charlestown
Traded deerskin, lumber, beef
2 dominate crops in Carolina
Rice and indigo

26. Georgia founded 1733 Last British colony setup James Oglethorpe
British officials also hoped that this colony could help protect the other colonies from Spain
Built forts and town of Savannah
Was given back to the King after poor development

27. French founded Quebec in 1608
Mainly concerned w/fishing and trapping for fur
Some traders traveled down the Mississippi River and founded a region they would call Louisiana in honor of their king
Set up a port of New Orleans
Advanced slowly through N.A.
Friends w/Indians
Had tenant farmers

28. Spanish Controlled most of Mexico and south of that
Built military posts in Santa Fe, New Mexico and San Antonio, Texas for production
Built a string of missions along Pacific coast