1. Do Now
12/16/2016 Read the sections labelled “A War of Movement” and “Daily Death in the trenches” and write a response on what you read

2. World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924)
Lesson 2 Fighting the Great War

3. Understand how trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front.
World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924)
Lesson 2 Fighting the Great War
Learning Objectives
Understand how trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front.
Identify and describe the impact of modern military technology on the fighting.
Outline the course of the war on multiple European fronts.
Explain how World War I was a global conflict.

4. stalemate, zeppelins U-boats, convoys, Dardanelles, T. E. Lawrence
World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924)
Lesson 2 Fighting the Great War
Key Terms
stalemate,
zeppelins
U-boats,
convoys,
Dardanelles,
T. E. Lawrence

5. A New Kind of War
World War I—known at the time as the “Great War”—was the largest conflict in history up to that time. The French mobilized almost 8.5 million men, the British nearly 9 million, the Russians 12 million, and the Germans 11 million. For those who fought, the statistics were more personal. “One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again,” recalled a survivor, “and of those who came back, many are maimed and blind and some are mad.”

6. Stalemate on the Western Front Schlieffen Plan Fails
A New Kind of War
Stalemate on the Western Front
Schlieffen Plan Fails
Russia mobilized more quickly then expected
First Battle of Marne was repealed by British and French Forces
Trench warfare began, leading to stalemate
Trench Warfare – we’ll read about
High Casualty Rates
Battle of Verdun 1916 – over 500,000 total casualties combined
Battle of Somme River 1916 – one day 60,000 British soldiers died
Five months over 1,000,000 soldiers died without any side gaining victory

7. A New Kind of War

8. A New Kind of War
This German soldier was one of the many casualties of the fighting during World War I. Massive offenses and new military technology combined to produce extremely high casualty rates.

9. Modern Military Technology
The enormous casualties suffered on the Western Front were due in part to the destructive power of modern weapons. Two significant weapons were the rapid-fire machine gun and the long-range artillery gun. Machine guns mowed down waves of soldiers. Artillery allowed troops to shell the enemy from more than 10 miles away. The shrapnel, or flying debris from artillery shells, killed or wounded even more soldiers than the guns.

10. Uncertain weapon (Changing winds, gas masks)
Modern Military Technology
Poison Gas
Uncertain weapon (Changing winds, gas masks)
Blinded or choked victims. Caused burns and blisters. Sometimes fatal.
Tanks, Airplanes, and Submarines
Tank – developed by Britain. Used to cross no-man’s land.
Airplanes – Used mostly for reconnaissance. Slowly started air to air combat
Submarines – Sank resupply

11. Modern Military Technology
Poison gas and machine guns are two examples of the military technology that killed and wounded so many. These British machine gunners wear gas masks during the Battle of the Somme, in July 1916.

12. Other European Fronts
From the outset of World War I, Germany and Austria-Hungary battled Russia on the Eastern Front. There, battle lines shifted back and forth, sometimes over large areas. Even though the armies were not mired in trench warfare, casualties rose even higher than on the Western Front. The results were just as indecisive.

13. Mounting Russian Losses in the East
Other European Fronts
Mounting Russian Losses in the East
Russia lacked factories to produce goods for the war
Used personnel to makeup for lack of technology
War in Southern Europe
- Italy switched sides in 1915 because the Triple Entente promised Italy some land after the war

14. Other European Fronts
Austrian soldiers advance into Russian Poland during the winter of 1915.

15. A Global Conflict
Though most of the fighting took place in Europe, World War I was a global conflict. In 1914, Japan joined the Allies by declaring war on Germany. Japan used the war as an excuse to seize German outposts in China and islands in the Pacific. Japan’s advances in East Asia and the Pacific would have far-reaching consequences in the years ahead as ambitious Japanese leaders set out to expand their footholds in China.

16. The Ottoman Empire Joins the War Joined Central Powers
A Global Conflict
The Ottoman Empire Joins the War
Joined Central Powers
Cut off supply line going to Russia
Lawrence of Arabia, sent from Britain, led guerilla war against OE
Arab nationalists declared a revolt against the Ottoman rule.
European Colonies and the War
- Used colonies for troops, laborers, and supplies

17. A Global Conflict
Analyze Maps How did the Arab revolt against the Ottoman empire affect the Allied cause?

18. A Global Conflict
These Armenian refugee children were forced from their homes by the Ottoman government’s deportation campaign. They are waiting to receive their daily ration of food, provided by American relief workers.

19. C. Germany was able to concentrate only on the Eastern Front.
Quiz: A New Kind of War
What was one effect of the failure of Germany’s Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France?
A. Germany had to fight the war on both the Eastern and the Western Front.
B. Germany was not able to bring Austria-Hungary into the war as its ally.
C. Germany was able to concentrate only on the Eastern Front.
D. Germany had to make an alliance with France.

20. A. They killed many soldiers.
Quiz: Modern Military Technology
What was the most significant effect of U-boat attacks on the fighting on land?
A. They killed many soldiers.
B. They kept soldiers from the front lines.
C. They destroyed vital supplies.
D. They created a stalemate.

21. C. The Western Front suffered more casualties than the Eastern Front.
Quiz: Other European Fronts
What is one way the Eastern Front was different from the Western Front?
A. The Eastern Front was fought with more military technology than the Western Front.
B. The Western Front provided the Central Powers with their most decisive victories.
C. The Western Front suffered more casualties than the Eastern Front.
D. The Eastern Front had front lines that moved widely, while the Western Front did not.

22. Why did the Ottoman empire suffer important losses in the Middle East?
Quiz: A Global Conflict
Why did the Ottoman empire suffer important losses in the Middle East?
A. The Arabs revolted against their Ottoman rulers.
B. The Armenian army fought well in the Middle East.
C. The French did not provide the Ottomans with enough support.
D. The Ottomans were weakened by the Allied success at Gallipoli.