1. Chapter 20 Notes

2. XI. The coming of the war A. Lincoln’s Inaugural
A. Lincoln’s Inaugural
B. South controls facilities
C. 75,000
D. Border States
E. Critical Border States
F. A Brother’s War
G. South Ads and Disads
H. No revolution had a better chance
I. North Ads and Disads

3. A. Lincoln’s inaugural address sets the tone
“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without yourselves being the aggressors. You have not oath registered in heaven to destroy the government, while I have the most solemn one to ‘preserve, protect, and defend’ it.”

4. A. Lincoln’s inaugural address sets the tone
Lincoln maintains that the Union is indivisible
2. attempts to place the burden of conflict on the South

5. B. by Lincoln’s inauguration the South controls all U. S
B. by Lincoln’s inauguration the South controls all U.S. facilities except Ft. Pickens and Ft. Sumter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6. April 12, 1861
Open Fire on Ft. Sumter

11. The North’s response:

12. The South’s response:

13. 1. communication lines between the North and South are open and the South indicates that attempts to reinforce Ft. Sumter will be viewed as hostile acts  

14. 2. Lincoln advises of plans to resupply but not reinforce Ft. Sumter

15. 3. Confederate Congress urges the taking of the forts

16. 4. 4-10-61 Major Anderson agrees to surrender in two days time

17. 5. delay is refused and Ft. Sumter is fired upon 4-12-61

18. 6. later confessions indicate that officers felt that if the chance for war were not taken it would slip away, and with it , Southern independence

19. 7. effects of the South firing on Ft. Sumter
strengthened Union resolve
- indeed brought many over to the cause
b. places the burden of disunion, aggression, treason on the South

20. C. Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers

21. D. contest for the border states is crucial
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas are pretty likely to go confederate
2. Virginia was the key that other states looked to……….
- Virginia was the only state to leave after due deliberation
Virginia secedes April 17, 1861
- others follow suit

22. E. critical border states - Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri - why?

23. F. Morison’s contention that it was truly a brothers war
-Lee’s agony
-brothers mostly fought side by side

24. G. advantages and disadvantages - South1 2 3 4 5

28. Union Advantages
Navy
Existing Gov’t
Food

30. Confederate Advantages
Home Turf
Supplies at hand
Strong military tradition

31. G. advantages and disadvantages - South1 2 3 4 5

32. 1. fighting a defensive war - similar to colonists during the American Revolution
did not have to defeat the North, only discourage them to the point where they recognized Southern independence
b. the South was an immense area without significant nerve centers

33. 2. superior moral cause at the outset of the warb c

34. 3. generally more talented officers (Lee and Jackson)

35. 4. frontier background
a. trained and skillful in the use of firearms
b. Knowledge of terrain and climate

36. 5. possibility of foreign intervention

37. H review Bailey’s contention that no revolution in history ever had a better chance of success than the South during the Civil War.
-Examine the “what if” syndrome
- border states, union resolve, foreign intervention

38. I. advantages and disadvantages - North1. 2 3 4 5 6 7

39. 1. industrial capacity
81% of the factories 75% of the wealth produced

40. 2. superiority in transportation
- 66% of all railroad mileage
-superior links between critical sections

41. 3. superiority in finance
a. tax base superior to that of the South
b. finance and tax structures in place and people used to the responsibility
c. ability to coerce payment rather than request it

42. 4. superior leadership (particularly Presidential)b c

43. 5. superior governmental structureb c

44. 6. dominance of naval power

45. 7. population
- 61% - 22m - 9m
a. natural population increase a benefit to the North
immigration - 800,000 from
- more than the casualties of both sides

46. End of Ch 20 Notes