1. Civil War and Reconstruction, 1850-1877 Unit 7
Chapter 14 Two Societies at War

2. The Road to Secession Secession of the Deep South
Fort Sumter, April 12
Secession of the Upper South
Keeping the Border States
MO, KY, MD, DE (& WV)

3. Expansion of Presidential Power
Increased size of military
Suspended writ of habeas corpus
Ex Parte Merriman
Martial Law in Maryland
Outlawed slavery despite Dred Scott

4. Economic & Social Mobilization
Union
Confederacy
Volunteers & the Draft
Conscription Act (1863)
New York City Draft Riots (1863)
Volunteers & the Draft
Conscription (1862)
exemptions
slaves
New York Draft Riots--Battle in Second Avenue
(Collection of Picture Research Consultants & Archives)

5. Economic & Social Mobilization
Union
Confederacy
Pacific Railway Act (1862)
Homestead Act (1862)
Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
Income Tax
Greenbacks
Bonds
National Banking System (1863)
Bonds
Taxes?
States’ Rights vs. Central control
Printing more money
“Runaway Inflation”
Bread Riots (1863)

6. A Northern View of Jeff Davis

7. War’s Purpose – Toward Emancipation
Preserve the Union
Confiscation Acts
Contraband of war
Battle of Antietam (Sept 1862)
The Emancipation Proclamation
Reframes war’s purpose
Gettysburg Address, 1863
Thirteenth Amendment
African Americans in the War
left plantations
enlisted in Union army
Company E, 4th U.S. Colored Infantry, 1864.
(Chicago Historical Society)

8. Emancipation in 1863

9. Early Phase of the War Union Strategy – Anaconda Plan
Confederate Strategy
fight defensively & capture D.C.
Confederate Initiative & Daring
Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
Defending a way of life

10. Union Victory Greater Resources Key victories
population / wealth / industry / railroads
Key victories
Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863
Vicksburg, July 4, 1863
Improved Strategy & Leadership

11. Rating the North & the South

12. Railroad Lines, 1860

13. Union Victory Sherman’s March to the Sea, 1864
“War is hell”
“War is cruelty. There is no use trying to reform it. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over.”
Grant’s war of attrition in Virginia
Siege of Richmond

14. Lincoln Assassination
April 14, 1865
John Wilkes Booth
Part of larger conspiracy to kill VP Johnson and Secretary of State Seward
“Now he belongs the ages.” Secretary of War Edwin Stanton

15. End of War Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House
April 1865
Wilmer McLean
620,000 dead-Arlington National Cemetery
Secession and nullification died with Confederacy
“Lost Cause” of the South
War economy lays foundation for 2nd Industrial Revolution
Republican Party moves from party of Lincoln to the party of Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt.

16. What was Reconstruction?

17. Attempt to achieve national reunification and reconciliation after the Civil War and to improve the status of former slaves. Both would prove difficult to do. The North prevailed during the Civil War. The South prevailed after the war.

18. Reconstruction – Who’s in Charge?
Lincoln’s Plan
“10% plan”
Moderate Republican Plan: Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
“Iron-clad oath” (50%)
Johnson’s Plan (1865)
Pardons
Black Codes

19. Reconstruction – Who’s in Charge?
Radical Republican Plan
Charles Sumner & Thaddeus Stevens
reorder Southern race relations
Military Reconstruction Acts (1867)
Johnson Vetoes
Impeachment (1868)
new balance of power between Congress & President

20. Reconstruction -- Success
Freedman’s Bureau
schools
14th Amendment
African American citizenship
equal protection under the law
15th Amendment
voting rights
Impact on women’s rights
both emboldened & divided the movement

21. Reconstruction – Failure
Limited land access to freedmen
sharecropping / crop-lien system
prevented self-sufficiency
Weakening Reconstruction
waning Northern resolve
Panic of 1873
Compromise of 1877

22. Reconstruction – Failure
Supreme Court weakens 14th amendment
Slaughter-House Cases, 1873
U.S. v. Cruikshank, 1875
local political tactics
Poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause.
segregation
Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
“separate but equal”
violence
Ku Klux Klan
lynchings