1. University B.T. & Evening College, Coochbehar
Seminar On
Air Pollution
by:
Priyanka Chowdhury
Roll No.:51, Session:

2. What is Pollution ?
Pollution is an undesirable alteration in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of our air, land and water that harmfully affect the human life and the desirable species or that may waste or deteriorate our raw material resources.

3. Types of POLLUTION Pollution can be categorized under following bases:
On the basis of part of environment where it occurs most
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Soil Pollution
On the basis of origin
Natural
Anthropogenic
On the basis of physical nature of pollutants
Gaseous Pollution
Dust Pollution
Thermal Pollution
Noise Pollution
Radioactive Pollution

4. Air Pollution

5. Definition :
Air pollution refers to the undesirable change occurring in air causing harmful effects on man, domestic species, flora etc.

6. Sources of Air Pollution :
Natural Sources
Volcanic Eruptions releasing poisonous gasses like SO2, H2S,CO etc
Forest Fires
Natural Organic and inorganic decays
Pollen grains of flowers
Soil debris
Fungus pores
Green plant releasing CO2
Anthropogenic Sources
Deforestation
Dust generating process
Combustion
Manufacturing process
Rapid industrialization
Agricultural activities
Nuclear energy activities

7. Principal types of air pollutant:
Gases
CO2, CO, SO2, NOX, H2S, Cl2 etc
Chemicals
Arsenic, Benzene, Formaldehyde, Mn etc
Secondary air pollutants
SO2, Smog, NO2, OH etc
Particulate matters
Viable
Non- Viable
Mists
Smoke
Fumes
Dust or Aerosols
Contd…

8. Radioactive Substances Hydrocarbons Toxicants Metallic Pollutants
Benzene, Toluene etc
Toxicants
PAN, Acetic acid, Chloroform etc
Metallic Pollutants
Al, Be, Cd Ni, Mn etc
Fluorocarbons

9. Effects of Air Pollution

10. Effects on Human Sl No. Pollutant Source Ill effects on man 1
SOX such as SO2, SO3
Coal & oil combustion, electric power plant, smelting of metallic ores containing sulphur.
Causes chest constrictions, head ache, vomiting & death from respiratory ailments 2
H2S
Refineries & chemical industries
Causes nausea, irritates eyes and throat 3
NOX such as NO2, N2O and NO
Soft coal, automobile exhaust, fertilizers & explosive industries
Pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary emphysema 4 CO
Burning of coal, gasoline, automobile exhaust
Reduce O2 carrying capacity of blood 5
Aldehydes
Thermal decomposition of fats, oils or glycerol
Irritate nasal and respiratory tracts. HCHO is a potential carcinogen 6
NH3
Explosive & fertilizer plants
Inflames upper respiratory passages 7
Arsenics as Arsenic(III)oxide
Smelting of ores
Causes gastrointestinal disorder, smaller doses are carcinogenic for skin and lung

11. Effects on Plants Pollution Type Source Effect Acid Rain
Heavy industry such as electricity generation, steel works and Smelters
Causes direct damage especially to evergreen trees CO
Incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials
Most plants are insensitive to CO levels but at higher concentrations (100 – 10,000 ppm), it causes leaf drop, leaf curly, reduction in leaf size, premature ageing etc. It inhibits cellular respiration in plants by reacting with cytochrome oxidase enzyme system
Fluoride
Aluminum, smelting and Brick works
Leaf edges become necrotic. Accumulates in the leaves and interferes with respiration and photosynthesis. Fluoride burns the tip of the leaf.
Ozone
Formed when car exhaust fumes react with sunlight
Damages leaf cell-walls. May lead to magnesium deficiency. Causes stomata to close and leaves to wilt.
Sulphur dioxide
Burning coal, iron and steel works
Causes chlorosis of leaves, impairs photosynthesis and increased respiration.

12. Ecological effects of Air Pollution
Acid Rain
Ozone Depletion
Greenhouse Effect
Smog Pollution
Injury to livestock
Soiling of Materials
Reduction in visibility
Effects on climate

13. Control of Air Pollution
Use of high chimneys
Removal of air pollutants from fuel
Control of Exhaust pollution
Proper treatment of Organic wastes
Development of green areas
Bioremediation

14. ~ Thank You ~