1. The French Revolution Brainpop
Chapter 6

2. 6.1 The Revolution Begins Old Order Divided into estates
King Louis and wife Marie Antoinette (Austria)
Spent to much $,
Divided into estates
First – Catholic clergy, 1%, no taxes, some very wealthy
Second – nobility, 2%, important positions in gov’t and military, few taxes, large estates or king’s court
Third – largest, 97%, bourgeoisie (merchants, factory owners, pro’s), sans culottes (artisans and workers), peasants (farmed nobles land, pay taxes, labor w/o pay
Inequality and Enlightenment (Colonists) ideas inspired French revolution

4. First Events of the Revolution
1789 – King calls Estates General (1st 175 years)
Each estate brought a list of grievances
One vote each
Third Estate – disagreed, formed National Assembly
King locked them out of their meeting – met in indoor tennis court – tennis court oath – new constitution
King brought troops to Paris and Versailles
Members of National Assembly stormed old prison, the Bastille, to get weapons  symbol of French Rev.

5. Creating a New Nation National Assembly (members of the 3rd Estate)
Removed First Estate’s privileges
Sold church land to pay debts
Made clergy public employees
Downgraded king and queen to commoners
Adopted Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
Basic principle of revolution
All men were equal and able to vote
National Assembly, now controlled by radicals
Elected new legislature – National Convention
Abolished monarchy, created Republic

6. Guillotine
The new killing machine called the Guillotine, it was a pulley system with a sharp razor sliding down to cut heads off prisoners.
Guillotine created by Joseph Guillotin, a doctor who wanted a more humane way to die.

8. Chapter 6.2 The Republic Radical Government
Three men important roles in new gov’t
all members of Mountain political party
Jean-Paul Marat – radical – violent methods
George-Jacques Danton – radical  compromise
Maximilien Robespierre – radical – led National Convention

9. Divided into 3 political groups

10. National Convention placed Louis XVI on trial
accused of treason-going against own country.
January 23, 1793 beheaded – guillotine –
Foreign troops deployed at French borders
France transformed
no monarch
churches shut down
new religion – worship rev. not God
calendar – months renamed

11. Committee of Public Safety
Headed by Robespierre
12 member committee with almost absolute power
Used scare tactics on peasants to gain information about counter-revolutions-people rising up again the French Rev.
Drafted men, fight against counter-revolutionaries (Foreign countries)
Would arrest people suspected of going against French Rev. secret police would stand in bread lines.

13. The Reign of Terror (10 months)
1793 Reign of Terror – people began to accuse, try, execute any opposition
executions drew crowds daily
Nobles, peasants, and revolutionaries died
Robespierre would later die because the majority people wanted to end to the killings,
40,000 total
One month in Paris 800 people
New government too radical

14. French Revolution Song

15. 6.3 Napoleon Young man achieved several military victories.
Admiral Horatio Nelson, commander of the British navy, trapped Napoleon’s ships in Egypt, Nile River. (lied about losses)
Became national hero.
Napoleon would then mix winning wars with govt.
Asked to run the govt. after the Committee of Public Safety would dissolve.
Napoleon ruled like a dictator, called himself Emperor.
Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States.

16. Napoleonic Wars Great Britain was France’s biggest enemy.
British navy prevented Napoleon from conquering all of Europe.
Continental System-French and its allied ships were not allowed to trade with Britain.

17. Napoleon’s Policies Recognized the Roman Catholic Church
Established the Bank of France, and set up an efficient way to collect taxes.
Napoleon set up high schools, universities and technical schools to educate young men.
Great sense of nationalism-feelings of pride on one’s country.

18. 6.4 Napoleon Falls
Napoleon helped give the French something to support.
France fought against Austria, Prussia, and Great Britain.
These countries took advantage of France, during the French Rev.

19. Napoleon attacks Russia
1812
increasing military
decreasing support for Continental System
Napoleon had
new recruits
scarce resources
could not find the Russians
Russians used the scorched-earth policy (burned everything down)

20. Napoleon’s defeat
Russian city Moscow was in flames
Russian winter and little food defeated Napoleon's army – 600,000 94, 000
October 1813 Battle of Nations
Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain
Napoleon surrendered in March 1814
Exiled (forced to leave) to Elba, tiny island of coast of Italy

21. The Last Campaigns Napoleon returns to Paris after one year
France had returned to monarchy
Louis XVIII – fled to Belgium
March 20, 1815 – Hundred Days
Battle of Waterloo
British Duke of Wellington
Dutch, German, Prussian help
unsuccessful escape to America, exiled to St. Helena, tiny island in the South Atlantic
Napoleon dies at age 51 Napoleon Song

22. The Congress of Vienna met to restore order in Europe
change boundaries, strengthen nations France gave up conquered territory and paid indemnity –fee to countries damaged during war
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
represented France on behalf of king
made sure territory distributed fairly
Prince Klemens von Metternich
Austria, reactionary views – Europe before Napoleon
Revolution’s Legacy
nobility realized Enlightenment Ideas would not go away
ideas inspired political movements around the world

23. French Revolution Vocabulary Game
Napoleon Matching Game