1. An Age of Explorations and Isolation
Chapter 19

2. Chapter 19-Section 1- Europeans Explore the East

3. For “God, Glory, and Gold”
Reasons for European Exploration-
The desire for new sources of wealth (main reason)
Spread Christianity
Advances in sailing technology

4. For “God, Glory, and Gold”
Europeans Seek New Trade Routes-
The crusades had increased the desires for spices and other luxury goods
Demand was high for spices like nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper so merchants could charge high prices
Muslims and Italians controlled the trade routes East to West
So European nations wanted to find a new route to Asia

5. European Trade Routes

6. For “God, Glory, and Gold”
The Spread of Christianity-
The Crusades left many feeling that they had a sacred duty to continue fighting Muslims and convert non-Christians
Bartolomeu Dias-Portuguese Explorer
Wanted to “give light to those in darkness” and grow rich like all men desire

8. For “God, Glory, and Gold”
Advances in Technology-
Caravel-New type of ship designed in the 1400’s that allowed sailors to sail against the wind b/c of triangle shaped sails
Sailors also used astrolabe, and magnetic compass

10. Portugal Leads the Way Portugal-
Leader in developing and applying sailing innovations
First country to establish trading posts on the west coast of Africa
Prince Henry-Portugal’s most enthusiastic supporter of exploration
Helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in 1415
Brought back gold, silver, jewels, and spices

11. Portugal Leads the Way Vasco da Gama-
Portuguese Explorer who reached the port of Calicut, India in 1498
The cargo which included pepper and cinnamon was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage
This 27,000 mile voyage gave Portugal direct access to India

13. Spain also Makes Claims
1492-Christopher Columbus
Convinced Spain to finance a voyage going west across the Atlantic to reach India
Reached the Caribbean and thought it was the East Indies
Opened the door for new exploration
Increased tensions between Spain and Portugal

14. Spain also Makes Claims
Treaty of Tordesillas-
Treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to split territories in the Atlantic based on the imaginary line drawn by Pope Alexander VI
All lands west of the line belonged Spain all lands east belonged to Portugal

16. Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean
Portugal’s Trading Empire-
The Portuguese took over the Muslim spice trade in the early 1500’s
1510-Portugese captured the port city of Goa on India’s west coast
This became the capital of their trading empire
The Portuguese after bypassing the Muslim-Italian domination over Asia could bring back goods for 1/5 of the previous price

17. Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean
Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese-
The English and Dutch began to Challenge Portugal's dominance
By 1600 the Dutch had nearly 20,000 ships
The Dutch East India Company-
The most powerful trading company of its time
In addition to conducting trade they printed money, made treaties, and created their own army

18. Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean
British and French Traders-
English East India Company
Focused on trading outposts in India
Mainly traded Indian cloth
France tried to create it’s own East India company but was never really successful