1. Chapter 15: Eastern Europepp

2. Chapter 15 Section 1: Physical Geography
The coldest and most heavily forested parts of Europe are closest to the Baltic Sea.
The Balkan Peninsula extends south into the Mediterranean Sea.

3. Chapter 15 Section 1: Physical Geography
Most of the Balkan Peninsula is covered by mountains.
The Carpathians mountain range stretches from the Alps to the Black Sea.
The Dinaric Alps and Balkan Mountains together cover most of the Balkan Peninsula, the largest peninsula in Europe.

4. Chapter 15 Section 1: Physical Geography
The Danube River is the body of water most important to trade and transportation throughout Eastern Europe.
The major seas include the: a) Adriatic Sea in the southwest b) Black Sea in the east and c) Baltic Sea in the west

5. Chapter 15 Section 1: Physical Geography
The Balkan Coast’s climate consists of warm summers and mild winters.
The Baltic Coast has less rain than other areas, but fog is common.
The interior plains of Eastern Europe have open grassy plains, huge forests and colorful wildflowers.
The Northern European Plain covers the northern area of Eastern Europe.
The Great Hungarian Plain is a fertile area that covers most of Hungary.

6. Chapter 15 Section 2: Poland and the Baltic Republics
The area around the Baltic Sea was settled in ancient times by many different groups. They developed into the people who live in the region today (Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and Polish).

7. Chapter 15 Section 2: Poland and the Baltic Republics
World Wars I and II were devastating for the Baltic people.
Poland was center of much fighting in World War I.
World War II began when Poland was invaded by Germany from the west and the Soviet Union from the east.
Soviet Union dominated Eastern Europe after World War II: a) The Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) became part of the Soviet Union b) Poland remained free from the Soviets but was forced to accept a communist government
Poland rejected Communism and elected leaders in 1989.
Baltic Republics broke from Soviet Union and became independent in 1991.

8. Chapter 15 Section 2: Poland and the Baltic Republics
Cultural Differences
Cultural Similarities
Languages– because they were first settled by different groups, each country has its own language today
Poland and Lithuania— most are Catholic
Latvia and Estonia— most are Lutheran
Many of the same types of foods
Practice many of the same crafts, including pottery, painting, and embroidery
Poland and the Baltic countries are known for their fine musical tradition.

9. Chapter 15 Section 2: Poland and the Baltic Republics
Economies of all four countries suffered after decades of Soviet rule.
Today Poland and the Baltic Republics are working to rebuild and strengthen their economies.
Seeking new sources of income like tourism because people are drawn to the region by its fascinating cultures, cool summer climates, and historic sites.

10. chapter 15 Section 3: Inland Eastern Europe
Inland Eastern Europe consists of six countries: a) Czech Republic b) Slovakia c) Hungary d) Ukraine e) Belarus f) Moldova

11. chapter 15 Section 3: Inland Eastern Europe
Czech Republic and Slovakia
Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova
Slavs founded many small kingdoms.
Strong neighbors conquered Slavic kingdoms.
After World War I Allies formed Czechoslovakia. In 1993 it split into Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Prague, capital of the Czech Republic, reflects Western influences in architecture.
Czech Republic has been very successful in developing its economy
Settled by Slavs and later invaded by other groups
Rus settled in what is now Kiev, Ukraine, in the 800s and created empire.
Late 1700s empire became part of Russia.1920s made into Soviet republics. Became independent after Soviet breakup in 1991
Rich farmlands in Ukraine produce grains, potatoes and sugar beets.

12. chapter 15 Section 3: Inland Eastern Europe
Hungary
a) Magyars invaded in the 900s.
b) Conquered by the Austrians
c) Magyars continued to influence culture
d) Hungarian language is based on language of Magyars.
e) People in Hungary today still refer to themselves as Magyars.

13. chapter 15 Section 3: Inland Eastern Europe
Government
Eastern European Cities
The governments of Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine and Moldova are all republics in which people elect their leaders.
Life in Eastern Europe is centered around cities.
Capitals are key economic and cultural centers.
Budapest, the capital of Hungary, is one of the most prosperous cities of Inland Eastern Europe.
Cities are popular tourist attractions—architectural and cultural sites draw visitors from all over the world.

14. chapter 15 Section 4: the Balkan Countries
The Balkan countries consist of: a) Albania b) Macedonia c) Slovenia d) Croatia e) Bosnia and Herzegovina f) Serbia g) Kosovo h) Montenegro i) Romania j) Bulgaria
The Balkans are the most culturally diverse area of Europe.

15. chapter 15 Section 4: the Balkan Countries
World War I
After World War I
Trouble between Balkan kingdoms and their neighbors led to World War I
In the late 1800s the Austro- Hungarian Empire took over part of the peninsula
In protest a man from Serbia shot the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, sparking the war.
Europe’s leaders divided the peninsula into new countries.
This included Yugoslavia, which combined many formerly independent countries under one government.
Yugoslavia broke up in the 1990s because of conflict between ethnic and religious groups.

16. chapter 15 Section 4: the Balkan Countries
Religion
Language
Most people of the Balkans are Christian: a) Most belong to the Orthodox Church b) Many Roman Catholics in western part c) Many countries have large Protestant communities
Because of the Ottoman’s long rule, Islam is also common.
Many languages are spoken in the Balkans: a) Most are Slavic languages, related to Russian b) In Romania, language developed from Latin c) Some speak Germanic languages d) Some are unique to the region, such as Albanian and Romany

17. chapter 15 Section 4: the Balkan Countries
Albania—only country in Europe where the majority of people are Muslim
Macedonia—only country to peacefully break from Yugoslavia
Slovenia—first Balkan country to join the EU
Croatia—struggled with fighting between Ethnic Croats and Serbs after breaking from Yugoslavia
Bosnia and Herzegovina—at peace and working to rebuild after years of ethnic and religious violence
Serbia and Montenegro—has seen fighting among ethnic groups
Romania—largest of the Balkan states; working to recover from years of bad government
Bulgaria—working to develop a capitalist economy