1. Orders
Hemiptera
Homoptera
Isoptera
Phthiraptera

2. "hemi“ = half + "ptera" = wings
HEMIPTERA
"hemi“ = half + "ptera" = wings
“True Bugs”

3. Piercing-sucking mouthparts arising from FRONT of head
HEMIPTERA
Piercing-sucking mouthparts
arising from FRONT of head
Scutellum triangular and large
Front wings: basal half leathery and apical half membranous (HEMELYTRA)
Wings lie flat on the back at rest ("X“)

4. HEMIPTERA
Metamorphosis
Paurometabolous
(gradual)
egg, nymph, adult

5. Broad range of habitats:
HEMIPTERA
Broad range of habitats:
Terrestrial
Aquatic
Semi-aquatic

6. And food preferences… Terrestrial species:
HEMIPTERA
And food preferences…
Terrestrial species:
Phytophagous – seeds and plants
Scavengers – detritus, scraps
Predaceous – other arthropods
Parasitic - vertebrates
Aquatic species: Predaceous

7. Economic Importance Pests of many crop plants
HEMIPTERA
Economic Importance
Pests of many crop plants
Predatory species are generally regarded as beneficial
Human diseases (Chagas disease)
Bed bugs can inflict annoying bites

8. "homo-" = uniform + "ptera" = wings
HOMOPTERA
"homo-" = uniform + "ptera" = wings
“Plant Bugs”
Leafhoppers, Planthoppers, Treehoppers, Cicadas, Aphids,Whiteflies, Scales

9. Piercing-sucking mouthparts arising from POSTERIOR margin of the head
HOMOPTERA
Piercing-sucking mouthparts arising from POSTERIOR margin of the head
Front wings: homogeneous texture
Wings held roof-like over abdomen
Phytophagous

10. HOMOPTERA
Metamorphosis
Paurometabolous
(gradual)
egg, nymph, adult

11. APHIDS Antennae long and thread-like Piercing-sucking mouthparts
HOMOPTERA
APHIDS
Antennae long and thread-like
Piercing-sucking mouthparts
Wings present or absent
Presence of cornicles
Soft-bodied

12. Economic Importance APHIDS
HOMOPTERA
APHIDS
Economic Importance
Honeydew – attracts other insects, stimulates growth of sooty molds, creates a sticky mess
Feeding damage
Disease vectoring
Plant galls

13. SCALES Antennae long and thread-like Piercing-sucking mouthparts
HOMOPTERA
SCALES
Antennae long and thread-like
Piercing-sucking mouthparts
Wings present or absent
Many are serious pests

14. CICADAS Antennae short and bristle- like
HOMOPTERA
CICADAS
Antennae short and bristle-
like
Piercing-sucking mouthparts rising at BACK of head
Front wings membranous, at rest wings folded roof-like over the abdomen

15. HOMOPTERA
CICADAS (CONT)
Males possess an abdominal tymbal that vibrates in a resonant chamber on the abdomen
Females oviposit in twigs and stems (damage)

16. LEAFHOPPERS Antennae short and bristle-like
HOMOPTERA
LEAFHOPPERS
Antennae short and bristle-like
Piercing-sucking mouthparts rising at BACK of head
Front wings membranous, at rest wings folded roof-like over the abdomen

17. Economic Importance LEAFHOPPERS Many important pests Damage by:
HOMOPTERA
LEAFHOPPERS
Economic Importance
Many important pests
Damage by:
Ovipositing in green twigs
Removing sap and chlorophyll from leaves
Inhibiting growth of leaves, causing curling and stunting

18. iso = equal + ptera = wing
ISOPTERA
iso = equal + ptera = wing
Termites / White Ants
Social Insects

19. Metamorphosis
Paurometabolous
(gradual)
(egg, nymph, adult)

20. Social Insects
Reproductives
Soldiers
Workers

21. Workers & Soldiers
1. Body pale in color, somewhat
ant-like in appearance but
with broad junction between thorax and abdomen
2. Head large and cylindrical, or small and round
3. Antennae beaded
4. Mouthparts chewing; sometimes with large mandibles

22. Adults (Reproductives)
1. Body may be darkly pigmented
2. Head well-developed, with chewing mouthparts and beaded antennae
3. Compound eyes present
4. 2 pairs of membranous wings, similar in shape and size; wings are shed after mating

23. Only paurometabolous insects that exhibit true social behavior.
They build large communal nests that house an entire colony.

24. Ecological role
Termites are an important part of the community of decomposers.
They are abundant in tropical and subtropical environments where they help break down and recycle up to one third of the annual production of dead wood.

25. Economic importance
Termites become economic pests when their appetite for wood and wood products extends to human homes, building materials, forests, and other commercial products.
In the United States alone, annual losses due to termite infestations are estimated at more than 800 million dollars.

26. Phthiraptera
Two suborders: Mallophaga
Anoplura

27. Metamorphosis
Paurometabolous
(gradual)
(egg, nymph, adult)

28. Suborder: MALLOPHAGA (Chewing lice)
1. Head broad, wider than or same size as the thorax
2. Chewing mouthparts
3. Antennae short
4. Eyes reduced or absent
5. Tarsi 1- or 2-segmented, most species have TWO small claws

29. Suborder: ANOPLURA (Sucking lice) Head conical, narrower than thorax
2. Piercing-sucking mouthparts
3. Antennae short, 3- to 5-segmented
4. Eyes reduced or absent
5. Tarsi usually 1-segmented with ONE large claw

30. Secondarily Wingless
Pterygotes

31. Economic Importance
Sucking lice (Anoplura) are responsible for the spread of disease in humans and domestic animals.
- relapsing fever
- epidemic typhus
- trench fever

32. Economic Importance
Chewing lice (Mallophaga) are parasites of domestic animals, especially poultry.
- severe skin irritation
- weight loss
- reduced egg production