1. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and Arbitral Awards
Chapter four

2. Introduction
According to the traditional scope of this subject, the third and the last division is this of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and arbitral awards. Unlike those of choice of juridical jurisdiction and choice of law rules, Ethiopia has got some rules of execution of foreign judgments ad arbitral awards. Note that there is no single provision dealing with the recognition of judgments.

3. RULES OF EXECUTION OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS AND AWARDS
Principle
Unless otherwise expressly provided for by international conventions, foreign judgments may not be executed in any country except in accordance with the provisions of the country’s will.

4. 2. Form of Application
An application for the execution of a foreign judgment shall be in writing and shall be 
accompanied by:
a certified copy of the judgment to be executed; and
a certificate signed by the President or the registrar of the court having given judgment to the effect that such judgment is final and enforceable.

5. 3. Conditions for Allowing Application
Permission to execute a foreign judgment shall not be granted unless 
the execution of foreign judgments is allowed in the country in which the judgment to be executed was given; 
the judgment was given by a court duly established and constituted ;
the judgment-debtor was given the opportunity to appear and present his defence;
the judgment to be executed is final and enforceable; and
execution is not contrary to public order or morals

6. 4. Procedure
(1) The court to which the application is made shall enable the party against whom the judgment is to be executed to present his observations within such time as it shall fix.
The court shall decide whether pleadings may be submitted.
In cases of doubt the court may suspend its decision doubtful points have been clarified.

7. 5. Decision
The decision shall be made on the basis of the application unless the court for some special reason to be recorded to hear the parties at a hearing which it shall fix.
The court shall at the same time decide on costs.
Where the application is allowed and permission to execute is granted.

8. 6. Enforcement of Foreign Awards
Foreign arbitral awards may not be enforced in any country unless:
 the award has been made following a regular arbitration agreement or other legal act in the country where it was made.
 the parties have had equal rights in appointing the arbitrators and they have been summoned to attend the proceedings;
 the arbitration tribunal was regularly constituted;
 the award does not relate to matters which under the provisions of the country’s laws could not be submitted to arbitration or is not contrary to public order or morals; and
 The provisions of the preceding Articles shall apply by analogy when the enforcement of a foreign award is sought.

9. Modes of Execution of Foreign Judgments
The following requirements are tests that a given decision needs to pass. The (US) forum court should check whether:
1. There was a full and fair trial conducted by the foreign court; 
2. The foreign court was of a competent jurisdiction;
3. The foreign court had conducted the trial upon regular proceedings; 
4. The defendant has been given due service or voluntary appeared before the court;

10. Cont…
5. There is a system in the country of the foreign courts likely to secure an impartial administration of justice between the citizens of its own country and those of other countries;
6. There is nothing to show either a prejudice in the court, in the system of the laws under which it was sitting or fraud in procuring the judgment, or any other special reason why the comity of the United State should not allow its full effect ,and
7. The requirement of reciprocity is met.

11. End