1. Morphology
Structures
Senses
Anatomy
Wild Card
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2. Welcome to Sea World Jeopardy where we have some fun as we explore the oceans around us. Just don’t get wet! (today)

3. What is the main fin used by sharks and bony fish for propulsion?
The pelvic fins evolved into what structures in terrestrial animals?

4. Pelvic girdle= posterior limbs Pectoral girdle = anterior limbs
Caudal fin
Pelvic girdle= posterior limbs
Pectoral girdle = anterior limbs
(legs, appendages)

5. Male sharks have ____________ for grabbing a female during copulation.
The primary fin fish used for stability, not propulsion is called the __________fin.
Male sharks have ____________ for grabbing a female during copulation.

6. Dorsal Claspers

7. Which fins are primarily used for directional movement, right and left movements and in some Osteichthyes, to swim backwards?
Guess that fin.

8. Pectoral fins

9. Define and give an example of a mutualistic relationship?
The fish that attaches itself to a shark in a symbiotic commensal relationship?
Define and give an example of a mutualistic relationship?

10. Benefits both: Cleaner fish (at cleaner station) and whale shark.
Remora
Benefits both: Cleaner fish (at cleaner station) and whale shark.

11. Fin rays in a bony fish are usually composed of ______________or
_____________ These are the same components as______ or _____of a shark

12. Cartilage or bone

13. How many gill slits do sharks and rays have?
Gills in bony fish are covered by a flap called an ______; Do sharks have them?
How many gill slits do sharks and rays have?

14. Operculum
5-7

15. In a shark this is provided by the _______ and _________________.
The bony fish organ that provides buoyancy and up and down movement in the water column?
In a shark this is provided by the _______ and _________________.

16. Liver and Heterocercal caudal fin
The swim bladder.
Liver and Heterocercal caudal fin

17. Daily Double
Holes behind the eyes in sharks & rays used for incurrent water flow across the gills are called?

18. spiracles

19. What structures did they evolve from? How are they hydrodynamic?
The name of the sharp, rough scales (dermal denticles) on a shark’s skin?
What structures did they evolve from? How are they hydrodynamic?
3. The name of the scales on a bony fish are?

20. Placoid scales on sharks.
Evolved from teeth. Streamlined- face posterior.
Cycloid scales on bony fish.

21. Name the function of these brain structures:
Cerebellum
Olfactory bulb
Occipital lobe
Medula oblongota

22. Cerebellum- movement
Olfactory bulb-smell
Occipital lobe-vision
Medula oblongota-respiration, heartbeat, metabolism

23. The name of the structure, composed of cells filled with fluid and cilia that enable a fish to school with other fish and sense water movement (why you can’t catch them!)

24. Lateral line

25. Define & give the function of the following: 1 per person
Cloaca
Rostrum
Gall bladder
Spiral valve

26. Secretes bile for fat digestion/breakdown
Urogenital opening
Head region
Secretes bile for fat digestion/breakdown
Aids in digesting tough matter

27. Your Inner Fish:
Give four shark & fish structures that were conserved in humans and what they evolved into (albeit with changes)

28. Nictitating membrane = 3rd eyelid Maleus, Incus, stapes = 3 ear bones
Development of male gonads.
Pelvic/pectoral girdle= shoulder & hip joints
Pelvic fin structure= ACL, Knee

29. The name of the shark’s or ray’s specialized cells that pick up the electrical signals of a struggling or wounded fish

30. Ampullae of Lorenzini

31. Explain it’s evolutionary advantage?
Structural pigmentation whereby the shark or ray dorsal surface is gray or brown and the ventral surface white is called?
Explain it’s evolutionary advantage?

32. What is countershading?
Defense mechanism to hide from predators and not be seen by prey.

33. Different species of sharks can produce offspring (reproductive strategies) in three different ways. What are they? (each person 1)

34. Laying eggs (oviparous),
Eggs that hatch inside & result in live birth (Ovovivaparous)
Live birth (viviparous) v

35. How is this an evolutionary advantage & thus conserved?
The term that describes the blood flow across gills that maximizes O2 and CO2 gas diffusion.
How is this an evolutionary advantage & thus conserved?

36. Counter-current exchange.
Increases diffusion rates when blood & water flow in opposite directions.

37. What percentage of sharks and large Osteichthyes (tuna, swordfish, salmon…) have been eliminated thru overfishing since 1950?
90…75…50…25

38. 90 shocking isn’t it?

39. What is the biggest fish in the sea?

40. Whale shark

41. Daily Double
Why are great whites and tuna considered endothermic while almost all fish are exothermic?

42. Large quantity of muscle and energy usage raise body temperature above water temperature..

43. The process by which millions of sharks are slaughtered for their dorsal fin is called? Which fins are taken?

44. Finning
All of them!

45. (name 1 species you’ve seen at an Aquarium)
If a fish that lives in open water is called a pelagic fish, what is a bottom dwelling fish called?
(name 1 species you’ve seen at an Aquarium)

46. Benthic
(Sole, Turbot, Halibut)

47. 1. What are the common names of the only two species of sharks that might, under unusual conditions, attack a human?
2. Why might they attack?

48. Great white, tiger and Bull shark
Humans have over fished their food until it is scarce; so they lack food and eat whatever they can. You resemble a sea lion while surfing

49. The bodies of sharks and rays are _________ compressed.
a. Laterally
b. Ventrally
c. Dorso-ventrally
d. Diagonally

50. Dorsoventrally

51. The name of the fish with lobed fins that went through a series of mutations and evolved into land dwelling tetrapods is the?

52. And now we can add Tiktallik!
Coelacanth
Wouldn’t you know this is my favorite fish, not to eat of course, but because it is so important in the evolution of animals from sea to land).
And now we can add Tiktallik!
The end 