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Community Ecology
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Community Group of individuals from different species in a given area
Species Richness Relative abundance
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Shannon Index Calculates the diversity of the community
H=-(pAlnpA + pBlnpB + pClnpC+…)
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Higher-Diversity Communities
More productive More resistant to invasive species Quagga and Zebra Mussels Artichoke Thistle ESS
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Interspecific Interactions
Ind. # 1 Ind. # 2 Competition - Predation + Mutualism Commensalism
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Competition Interspecific Intraspecific
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Competitive Exclusion Rule
Two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche
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Resource Partitioning
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Character Displacement
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Predation
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Plant Defenses Physical Chemical Thorns Spines Poisons Nicotine
Strychnine Morphine Tannins
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Animal Defenses Physical Chemical Shells Horns/Antlers/Quills Teeth
Poisons Odors
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Animal Defenses Cryptic Coloration Aposematic Coloration
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Animal Defenses Batesian Mimicry Mullerian Mimicry
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Animal Defenses
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Mutualism
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Commensalism
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Trophic Levels Primary Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers Quaternary Consumers
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Trophic Levels Primary Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers Quaternary Consumers
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Keystone Species
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Keystone Species
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Top-Down Model Predation controls community organization
Also called the trophic cascade model.
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Keystone Species
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Bottom-Up Model Suggests direction influence from the lowest trophic levels Control by the absence or presence of micronutrients which controls plant communities Adding more nutrients = more biomass
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