1. Women entrepreneurship in figures Focus on Eastern Europe

2. Women on the labour market
Activity rates by sex (age group 15+), %
Employment rates by sex (age group 20-64), %
Sources: National Statistical Offices
Note: (Armenia) data refer to the population aged 15-75; (Belarus) data refer to the annual average and labour resources estimates for the population aged (men) and (women); (Moldova) data refer to the population aged 20-64; (Ukraine) data refer to the population aged
Sources: National Statistical Offices
Note: (Armenia, Georgia) ETF calculation; (Ukraine) data refer to the population aged 15-70; (Belarus) data refer to the annual average and labour resources estimates for the population aged (men) and (women).

3. Self-employed women on the labour market
Incidence of self-employment (%)
Sources: National Statistical Offices, OECD and ILO
Note: (Armenia) data refer to the population aged 15-75; (Belarus) data based on the population census; (Ukraine) data based on ETF calculations and refer to the population aged
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
BELARUS
GEORGIA
Republic of MOLDOVA
UKRAINE
% of female self-employed (out of the total number of self-employed)
47.7
51.9
37.0
47.6
42.4
41.6
% of female employers (out of the total number of employers)
18.6
33.3
30.6
40.9
43.1
28.0
Sources: National Statistical Offices and ILO
Note: ETF calculations; (Armenia) data refer to the population aged 15-75; (Belarus) data based on the population census; (Ukraine) data refer to the population aged

4. Women and business Female ‘presence’ in firms (%) - 2013
Source: World Bank (BEEPS)

5. Women and business Perceived obstacles (%) - 2013 ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
BELARUS
GEORGIA
Republic of MOLDOVA
UKRAINE
% of firms that consider ACCESS TO FINANCE as the biggest obstacle
Firms with female top manager (male top manager)
7.2
(6.6)
32.6
(31.3)
10.2
(22.4)
17.2
(23.2)
9.7
(10.5)
14.8
(22.7)
% of firms that consider CORRUPTION as the biggest obstacle
2.2
(6.2)
9.3
(3.3)
1.3
(4.2)
0.5
(1.4)
42.9
(16.9)
8.5
(21.7)
% of firms that consider PRACTICES OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR as the biggest obstacle
5.9
(5.7)
26.0
(29.8)
19.6
(8.8)
5.5
(8.5)
2.7
(5.4)
15.0
(5.9)
% of firms that consider TAX RATES as the biggest obstacle
31.4
(27.6)
22.2
(11.6)
29.3
(19.6)
(13.3)
6.4
11.9
(16.4)
Source: World Bank (BEEPS)

6. Data challenges
Limited data available through Labour Force surveys (using ‘status in employment’)
Even more limited administrative data, where sex (of business owners) disaggregation is lacking
But….ad-hoc studies in e.g. Armenia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Republic of Moldova