1. Warm-up Which elements in the PT do not react?
With a table partner discuss/write down
Which elements in the PT do not react?
Which Valence e- configuration makes an element non-reactive?
Which words belong together: inert, reactive, stable, instable, non-reactive
On the other hand, which groups in the PT are highly instable?

2. Warm-up Draw the Aufbau Diagram of Oxygen
The ion of Oxygen – find symbol and charge first _____

3. Strategies to a stable Octet Status….
Ch 7 Ion Notes
Strategies to a stable Octet Status….

4. Metals Na+ Name: element name + ion: Sodium Ion
Improve stability by losing Ve-/outer ring
expose full octet underneath
become postive Cation (t is like a +)
Na+
Name: element name + ion: Sodium Ion

5. Non-Metals Cl- Improve stability by picking up Ve e-
fill outer ring to a full octet
become Anion (a negative ion)
Cl-
Name: Element root name + ide ion
Chloride Ion

6. Write Anion Names 7A: fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide ion
6A: oxide, sulfide, selenide, telluride ion
5A: nitride, phosphide, arsenide ion

7. Groups that do not ionize…
Group 4 A: Carbon, Silicon Too much to take up or lose…. Group 8A: Noble Gases They have already an octet

8. Practice Identify the ions below Example: 8p+ and 10e- is O2-

9. Transition Metals/ d-block
Can form multiple ions!
Example: Fe 2+ or Fe 3+
Need name with Roman Numerals (I,II, III, IV, V..)
Iron (II) ion or Iron (III) ion
Practice write:
Cobalt (I) ion
Lead (IV) ion
Nickel (II) ion

10. Lewis Dot Structures
Example: Magnesium ___ Ve 1. draw element symbol Mg 2. place Ve- around cw Example: Fluorine ____ Ve F

11. Practice Lewis Dot
Si N Fr Ar

12. Warm-up
Draw the Lewis dot: a) Oxygen b) Oxygen as ion symbol ______ c) Magnesium d) Magnesium as ion symbol_____

13. Warm-up
Make an ionic compound out of Iodine and Barium Write the a) Formula b) Lewis dot

14. Write the following elements as ionsBe O N Li H

15. Warm-up Draw the Lewis Dot of Bromine Phosphide Ion 3. Carbon
4. Calcium
5. Cesium Ion

16. Inquiry: Size of Ions? Discuss in your lab group:
How is atomic radius affected when an neutral element turns into a Cation?
How is atomic radius affected when an neutral element turns into a Anion?

17. Crash course chemistry
isotopes and ions

18. Notes 7.B -Ionization Exceptions
How many Valence e- does Carbon have?
Will it steal or lose e-?
Group 4A Non-Metals don’t ionize: too many to lose or too many to steal!!!!
Noble Gases never ionize: have full octet
Metalloids: form cations or anions… treat according to group number!
Transition Metals: form multiple ions, addtl info needed

19. Size of Ions

20. Cations and Aufbau Diagram
Magnesium
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2
Magnesium Ion
1s2, 2s2, 2p6

21. Anions and Aufbau Diagram
Fluorine
1s2, 2s2, 2p5
Fluoride Ion
1s2, 2s2, 2p6

22. Corresponding Noble gases
Why do elements ionize?
To become more stable! acquire Noble gas configuration
Type of Ion
Element Class
Gain/loss of e-
Corresponding Noble Gas
Example
Cation
Metals
Lose e-
Noble gas from previous period
Na → Ne
Anion
Non-Metals
Gain e-
Noble gas from end of same period
O → Ne

23. Lewis Dot of Ions
Draw the Lewis Dot of Cl
Cl- Mg
Mg2+

24. Ionization Energy Def: Energy needed to remove a Valence e-
List all situations when it’s easy to remove a Ve-(elements with high shield effect, low charge effect)
Hard in elements with low shield and high charge effect
Ionization energy
increases

25. Highest/Lowest Ionization Energy
Element with highest IE? Helium (yes you can remove an e- from He, it’s hard!) Element with lowest IE? Francium Which of the pairs below has a higher IE? Si or C Na or Cs F or Ga

26. Identify the element groups

27. How to find the Valence e- of Representative Elements
# Valence e- for representative elements – use group A group numbers
Group# 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
# Ve- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

28. Practice Anions
Write the charge of the following anions Br O S P As

29. Practice Cations
Write the following elements as cations Be Al Ba K Li

30. Warm-up
1. Name the ions for Phosphorus, Magnesium, Chlorine, Aluminum

31. Draw the Aufbau Diagram of Magnesium Oxide
Mg2+ O2- Mg2O2 MgO