1. UNIT 6
DELEGATES TO THE
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

2. Government officials realized after Shays’ Rebellion that a change was needed
A convention of representatives from each state were called to Philadelphia in 1787

3. STATEHOUSE IN PHILADELPHIA
SITE OF THE CONVENTION

4. INSIDE OF STATEHOUSE (TODAY)
SITE OF THE CONVENTION

5. There were 74 men asked to come to Philadelphia but only 55 delegates arrived in Philadelphia

6. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

7. The average age of a delegate was 44 years old

8. BEN FRANKLIN (Pennsylvania) was the oldest at age 81
JONATHAN DAYTON (New Jersey) was the youngest at age 26

9. Most had some experience as politicians in their home states
POLITICAL EXPERIENCE:
Most had some experience as politicians in their home states

10. 40 of the delegates had been members of the Continental Congress

11. PROFESSION:
34 of the 55 were lawyers
Also included soldiers, planters, educators, ministers, physicians, financiers, and merchants

12. Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves
ECONOMIC STATUS:
Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves

13. All the delegates were white men
RACE:
All the delegates were white men

14. None of the delegates were African-Americans, Hispanic, women, poor
LEFT OUT:
None of the delegates were African-Americans, Hispanic, women, poor

15. THE
END

16. UNIT 6
CONSTITUTIONAL
CONVENTION

17. A total of 12 states sent delegates to the convention
Rhode Island is the only state that refused to send any delegates

18. Delegates had to make a choice:
Fix the Articles of Confederation
2) Write a new form of government

19. The delegates decided to write a new plan of government
Challenge was to create a strong national government but one that would not overpowering

20. The Constitutional Convention was held in the summer of _________ in the city of _________________.
1787
PHILADELPHIA

21. CONSTITUTION HALL - PHILADELPHIA

22. NATIONAL ARCHIVES –
WASHINGTON DC
HOME OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
TODAY

24. 55
There were ____ delegates at the Constitutional Convention.

25. JAMES MADISON
_________________ read more than 100 books in preparation for the convention.

26. THOMAS JEFFERSON
______________________ and _______________ were not at the convention because they were overseas at the time.
JOHN ADAMS

27. __________________ refused to attend the convention because he “smelled a rat” leading toward monarchy.
PATRICK HENRY

28. __________________________ came out of retirement for the convention.
GEORGE WASHINGTON

30. ________________ was a famous scientist and statesman, gave wit and wisdom to the convention.
BEN FRANKLIN

32. JAMES MADISON
_________________ is known as the “Father of the Constitution” and took detailed notes.

33. _______________was chosen as president of the convention.
GEORGE WASHINGTON

34. THE
END

35. UNIT 6
COMPROMISES
MR. Ramirez

36. COMPROMISE
noun - a settlement of differences in which each side makes concessions (gives in a little) to come to a result which solves a problem

37. 1. GREAT COMPROMISE 2. 3/5 COMPROMISE 3. TRADE COMPROMISE
3 MAJOR COMPROMISES:
1. GREAT COMPROMISE
2. 3/5 COMPROMISE
3. TRADE COMPROMISE

38. Major debate was over how to set up the legislative branch of government
(Congress)

39. It becomes a battle between smaller states and the ones with larger populations
Large States
Small States
VS.

40. Several states submit plans for the type of legislature they want

41. 1) The legislative branch would have two houses
VIRGINIA PLAN
1) The legislative branch would have two houses
2) Both houses would assign representatives based on wealth/population

42. 1) The legislature would have one house
NEW JERSEY PLAN
1) The legislature would have one house
2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature

43. THE GREAT
COMPROMISE

44. The legislature would have two houses
GREAT COMPROMISE
The legislature would have two houses

45. SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal
GREAT COMPROMISE
SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal
= 2 senators
= 2 senators

46. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population
GREAT COMPROMISE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population
= 1 representative
(493,000 people)
= 52 representatives
(38,800,000 people)

47. CONGRESS SENATE (100) EVERY STATE HAS EQUAL NUMBER (2)
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (435)
BASED ON POPULATION SO NOT EQUAL FOR EVERY STATE

48. TOTAL NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS FROM EACH STATE

49. 2 houses for legislature
THE GREAT COMPRomISE
VIRGINIA PLAN
2 houses for legislature
2) NUMBER of people in congress set by wealth and population
SENATE
Number of people BASED ON EQUALITY = EACH STATE HAS SAME NUMBER
GREAT COMPROMISE
THE LEGISLATURE WILL HAVE 2 HOUSES
NEW JERSEY PLAN
1) 1 house for legislature
2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature
Number of people BASED ON populations
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

50. Next major issue to be decided is slavery and if slaves should be counted as population

51. 3/5
COMPROMISE

52. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM:
should slaves be counted as population for taxes and/or to determine representatives in the legislature

53. NORTH WANTS:
Northern states want slaves not to be counted as to determine representatives but to be counted for taxes X

54. SOUTH WANTS: X
Southern states want slaves to be counted to determine representatives but not for taxes

55. Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person
THE 3/5 COMPROMISE:
Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person
This is used for taxes and to set up the number of reps in Congress

56. Northern states agree to do nothing about slave trade until 1808
Southern states agree to allow national government to regulate trade

57. No state gets everything they wanted but they wrote a constitution they thought would work overall

58. THE
END

59. UNIT 6
FEDERALISTS VS
ANTI-FEDERALISTS

60. Once the Constitution is written it must go to the states for their approval
People will be able to vote for or against the Constitution

61. FEDERALISM – a system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government

62. Two groups begin to develop:
FEDERALISTS – want the Constitution to pass as is
YES!!

63. ANTI-FEDERALISTS – do NOT want the Constitution to pass as is

64. FEDERALISTS
The Constitution is awesome! I think everyone should rush out and vote for it!
James Madison

65. FEDERALISTS
1) Supported taking some powers from the states and giving them to the national government

66. 2) Wanted to divide powers among the different branches of government
FEDERALISTS
2) Wanted to divide powers among the different branches of government
EXECUTIVE
JUDICIAL
LEGISLATIVE

67. 3) Wanted a single person to lead the executive branch
FEDERALISTS
3) Wanted a single person to lead the executive branch

68. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
The Constitution is not worth the paper it is printed on! Where is the Bill of Rights?
George Mason

69. 1) Wanted the states to keep the most important powers
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
1) Wanted the states to keep the most important powers

70. EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT)
ANTI-FEDERALISTS
2) Wanted the legislative branch to have more power than the executive branch
EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT)
LEGISLATIVE (CONGRESS)

71. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
3) Feared a single person in the executive branch might become a king or tyrant

72. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
4) Believed a Bill of Rights need to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

73. Both sides published their viewpoints in newspapers, pamphlets, etc.

74. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS – a series of essays which supported the Federalists viewpoint (wanted the Constitution to pass)

75. The Federalists Papers were written by such men as James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

76. Federalists had an advantage because most newspapers supported their cause

77. By June of 1788 a total of 9 states had ratified (passed) the Constitution
9 states were required to officially make it the legal form of government

78. Two very important states though, Virginia and New York, had not yet passed it and were needed

79. Two important Virginians, GEORGE MASON and PATRICK HENRY were against the Constitution

80. Virginia finally passes it once they are convinced it will soon add a Bill of Rights

81. Rhode Island is the last state to officially ratify it in 1790

82. BILL OF RIGHTS – the first ten amendments to the Constitution
Insures personal rights to each U.S. citizen

83. THE
END