1. 1938: First treatment of AKI with PD
1923: First human PD
1938: First treatment of AKI with PD
1946-’48: Seminal studies of PD kinetics
1951: Long-dwell PD for uremia
1959: IPD for AKI, PD fluid commercialized
1959: IPD for end-stage renal disease
1962: First program of long-term PD
1962: First machine for automated PD
1968: Indwelling Tenckhoff catheter
1978: Continuous ambulatory PD
Figure 1

2. Incident Counts
Figure 2A

3. Point Prevalent Counts
As of December 31
Figure 2B

4. Figure 3

5. ? Cardiovascular Comorbidity Systemic Inflammation Hypoalbuminemia
Peritoneal Protein Loss
Local Membrane Inflammation
Fast Solute Transport
Excess interstitial fluid
Hypervolemia
Ameliorated by prescription practice, APD and icodextrin
Need for Increased Glucose prescription
Risk of obesity, dyslipidemia and poor glycemic control
Declining protective effect of residual kidney function prolonged by biocompatible fluids, ACE/ARB and diuretic use
High cardiovascular mortality risk
Conflicting evidence that this is worse for PD than HD; difficulty in defining metabolic syndrome ?
Figure 4

6. Figure 5