1. Start of the Civil War
How did the divide between North and South turn into a Civil War?
TO THIS?
FROM THIS?

2. KEY CONCEPTS & VOCABULARY What question does this image ask?

3. States’ Rights Federal Power KEY CONCEPTS & VOCABULARY
Would the North or the South want states to have the POWER to make this decision?
Federal Power
Would the North or the South want the federal government to have the POWER to make this decision?

4. Slavery
Total number of slaves in the Lower South : 2,312,352 (47% of total population).
Total number of slaves in the Upper South: 1, (29% of total population).
Total number of slaves in the Border States: 432,586 (13% of total population).
Almost one-third of all Southern families owned slaves.

5. Percent of families who owned slaves
Mississippi:
49%
South Carolina:
46%
Georgia:
37%
Alabama:
35%
Florida:
34%
Louisiana:
29%
Texas:
28%
North Carolina:
Virginia:
26%
Tennessee:
25%
Kentucky:
23%
Arkansas:
20%
Missouri:
13%
Maryland:
12%
Delaware: 3%

6. What did abolitionists want?

7. What would be a good COMPROMISE for this situation?
United States, 1819
The number of slave-states equaled the number of free states.
Would the new states in the Louisiana Territory be allowed to have slavery?
What would be a good COMPROMISE for this situation?

8. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 quieted the slavery debate for a while

9. What happened? What do you think were the consequences?

10. Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831)
Nat Turner (a slave) and six men went from house to house, killing all of the white people they encountered. Turner's force eventually consisted of more than 40 slaves.
In the end, the rebels had stabbed, shot and clubbed at least 55 white people to death.

11. Nat Turner was eventually captured
He was hanged and beheaded
In the hysterical climate that followed the rebellion, close to 200 black people, many of whom had nothing to do with the rebellion, were murdered by white mobs.

12. Effect of the Rebellion
“Slave Codes” (laws) were tightened in the South
Slaves could not…
be taught to read or write
meet without a white person present
move from place to place freely

13. United States, 1848
Would the new land won in the war with Mexico become slave states or free states?

14. Compromise of 1850 California was admitted as a “free state”.
The rest of the territories could decide for themselves whether to permit slavery or not.
A strong Fugitive Slave Law, strongly opposed by Northerners, required them to return runaway slaves to their owners

15. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 Book about the cruelty of slavery
Moved many to join the cause of abolition
Increased tension between the North and South

16. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) created two new territories
The act left it up to settlers to decide whether to become slave states or free states
This is called “Popular Sovereignty”

17. “Popular Sovereignty”
What do you think happened?

18. Bleeding Kansas
Northern and Southern settlers both flooded into Kansas
Supporters of slavery invaded an abolitionist town, burned a hotel, looted home and destroyed newspaper presses
Anti-slavery forces retaliated. Led by John Brown, they invaded a pro-slavery town, dragged five men from their homes killed them

19. Violence in Congress
Southerners were outraged by a speech Senator Sumner made criticizing Southern congressmen for supporting the Kansas- Nebraska Act
Rep. Preston Brooks savagely beat Sumner with a cane to defend Southern honor
The beating was so bad that the cane broke and it took 3 ½ years for Sumner to recover

20. Dred Scott Decision, 1857 Was he a Person or Property?
Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, went to court and sued for his freedom on the grounds that when his master took him to free territories he was no longer a slave.
The U.S. Supreme Court had to decide…
Was he a Person or Property?
Hint: 4 Northern judges, 5 Southern judges

21. Chief Justice Roger Taney
Slaves were not citizens, so they could not sue in court
Slaves were property, so Congress did not have the power to ban slavery in any territory
Therefore, the Missouri Compromise was “unconstitutional”
Dred Scott remained a slave

22. Chief Justice Roger Taney
Slaves were"beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations, and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.“
Dred Scot v. Sanford, 1857

23. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Before becoming president, Abraham Lincoln ran against Stephen Douglas for an Illinois Senate seat.
LINCOLN said…
A house divided against itself cannot stand
I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free.
It will become all one thing or all the other.
Slavery is a MORAL ISSUE It is either right… or it is wrong.
DOUGLAS said…
In the Dred Scott Decision, the Supreme Court had decided the issue of slavery forever
Slavery was legal

24. Raid at Harpers Ferry
John Brown, an abolitionist, was tired of waiting for Congress to act.
In 1859, he and his followers seized the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.
They planned to march their army through South to forcibly free slaves.
Many Northerners viewed Brown as a hero.
Southerners thought Brown was a lunatic and became increasingly fearful of northern abolitionism.

25. How do you think the South felt about these words?
John Brown
“I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes (slavery) of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood.”
How do you think the South felt about these words?

26. Presidential Election of 1860
The slavery question overshadowed all others in the presidential election year of 1860.
The South threatened that it would secede if Lincoln was elected.
Secede = break away

27. Lincoln Wins the Presidency
Lincoln won only 40% of the popular vote…
But remember the Electoral College?

28. Election of 1860

29. John Bell-Constitutional Unionist Party
Election of 1860 Breakdown
Candidate
Electoral Vote
Popular Vote
Lincoln
180 (59%)
1,866,452 (40%)
Breckinridge
72 (24%)
847,953 (18%)
Douglas
12 (4%)
1,371,157 (29%)
John Bell-Constitutional Unionist Party
39 (13%)
590,831 (13%)
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30. New nation: Confederate States of America
The South Secedes
One by one, Southern states seceded from the Union after Lincoln’s election
Lincoln and many northerners refused to accept the right of the south to secede.
New nation: Confederate States of America

31. Declaration of Secession of South Carolina
“The people of the State of South Carolina, in Convention assembled, on the 26th day of April, A.D., 1852, declared that the frequent violations of the Constitution of the United States, by the Federal Government, and its encroachments upon the reserved rights of the States, fully justified this State in then withdrawing from the Federal Union; but in deference to the opinions and wishes of the other slaveholding States, she forbore at that time to exercise this right. Since that time, these encroachments have continued to increase, and further forbearance ceases to be a virtue.”

32. What caused the Civil War?

34. Attack on Fort Sumter
Southern states seized and occupied most of the federal forts within their borders
April 12, 1861, at 4:30 a.m., Confederate troops opened fire on Fort Sumter, firing for 36 straight hours
The Civil War had begun

35. By the end of the war… NORTH: SOUTH:
2.2 million men were in put into uniform (180,000 of them African American)
640,000 were killed, wounded in battle, or died of disease.
SOUTH:
750,000 to 850,000 Confederate soldiers were mobilized
As many as 450,000 them may have died or been wounded

36. The South was destroyed and needed to be rebuilt.
Slavery was abolished and millions of freed African-Americans would start a new life.