1. Early Christian Architecture and Design
Romanesque & Gothic

2. Early Christian Architecture
Follows Roman Architecture
(Rectangular and Circular plans)

3. Early Christian Architecture
Chronology:
– Emperor Diocletian divide the Roman Empire (West and East)

4. Eastern & Western Roman Empire

5. Early Christian Architecture
Chronology:
313 – Christianity recognized as religion (ordered churches to be built – Baptism and celebration of mass called for a new type of bldg.)
326 – Christianity - official religion of the Empire
Constantine's conversion, as imagined by Rubens

7. Romanesque
The “Dark Ages”(476 – 1000 CE ) .. Maybe into the 13th century
period of cultural decline; from Fall of Roman Empire to recovery of learning
Not a cultural connection with Rome, but a building method.

8. Romanesque
Begins with the Carolingian (noble family) era, which sets the stage for Romanesque
To some historians the Carolingian era marks the end of late Antiquity, the final resolution of Rome’s centuries-long transformation

9. Romanesque
Feudalism = Medieval political system – land as chief form of wealth.

11. Romanesque 2 major forces mold development of Romanesque:
MONASTIC COMMUNITIES – self contained communities – influenced architecture ; church in the center of complex. Monks are scholars/teachers – spread ideas and knowledge.
PILGRIMAGE – Christians travel to give thanks for the salvation of their souls. Journeys made to venerate a shrine or relic. Network of Pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela. Enabled exchange of ideas, money, goods…

14. Definition of a Pilgrimage: A Pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place or shrine undertaken as a spiritual quest to obtain supernatural help or as a form of penance for sins.

15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dqOI87nSU0 – Camino to Santiago

16. Old Saint Peter’s 300 AD
Many built over pagan basilicas with additions (transepts, choir, ambulatory, towers …more.)

17. Glossary
Basilica: a Roman building type often used for civic building, later adopted as a Christian Church plan
Baldacchino: a canopy supported by columns, often over an altar or tomb (or both)
Transept : ‘arms” – defining cross-shaped buildings – crosses nave at right angles

18. Old St. Peter’s 300 AD

19. San Miniato al Monte, Florence 1018-62

20. San Miniato al Monte, Florence 1018-62

21. Abbey Church of La Madeleine, Vézelay, France, 1104-32
Roman vaults – built of stone
Articulated or compound Piers – cylindrical pier with moldings – to “lighter” the structure
High Nave (wider)
Lean to side aisles
Clerestory windows

22. Parts of Christian Church walls
Interior wall – 3-story arrangement
Arcade (lower)
Triforium (mid)
Clerestory (top)

23. Sexpartite vault

24. Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118
Note Compound Piers

25. Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118

26. Peterborough Cathedral, England, 1118

27. Medieval Music

28. Castles Concentric Castle – has inner and outer walls

29. Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140
Domestic Architecture
Society – based in Feudal system
CASTLES
Defense – priority
Comfort vs fortification concerns
Castles built on hills
Moat – water
Wall surrounding
Towers
Great hall
Nomadic landlords
Few pieces of furniture
MEUBLE (Fr) = movable

30. Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

31. Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140
GREAT HALL – general activities;
High ceilings
Large fireplace
Thick walls
Beamed ceilings

32. Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

33. Hedingham Castle, Essex, England, c. 1140

34. Typical Finnish village

35. Viollet-le-Duc (artist) from The Engravings of Man in all Ages, 1876
House in Cluny, France c. 1200

36. King John Hunting Lodge, Somerset, England 1200s

37. Review of class MIDDLE AGES –
Era between Roman Empire and Renaissance;
Attempt to reform the catholic Church;
Restless slumber brought on by
War
Power Struggles
Illiteracy
Disease
Sparks of “genius” Architecture and Art
Faith was the catalyst of artistic, intellectual, social and political developments
Magnificent CATHEDRAL S built – refuge of peace
Large demand for churches /cathedrals (during the Middle Ages - over 80 cathedrals, 350 churches built – more stone than in pyramids)
Byzantine and Romanesque styles of architecture (4th c. to 11th c.)