2. The Muscular System 5
Lesson 5.1: Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions Lesson 5.2: Skeletal Muscle Actions Lesson 5.3: The Major Skeletal Muscles Lesson 5.4: Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles

3. Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions
Chapter 5: The Muscular System
Lesson 5.1
Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions

4. Do Now
On Your Do Now Sheet: Identify the following bones. A. B.

5. Today’s Objectives
Discuss the structural and functional characteristics of each of the three categories of muscle.
Describe the four behavioral characteristics of all muscle tissue.
Explain the roles of agonist and antagonist muscles.

6. Muscle Tissue
Muscle is the only tissue capable of shortening, or contracting.
Muscles control movements of our body, move our eyes, move our food through our digestive system and beats our heart.

7. Muscle Tissue categories functions skeletal smooth cardiac
behavioral properties
tension and types of skeletal muscle contractions

8. Muscle Tissue Categories
Skeletal
Skeletal muscles attach to bones and are largely responsible for body movements.
Skeletal muscles are also known as striated muscles because of their cross-stripes.
Skeletal muscle is also known as voluntary muscle because these muscles are stimulated consciously through nerve activity.

9. Skeletal Muscle Organization
The cell membrane of the muscle fiber is called the sarcolemma.

10. perimysium bundles groups of muscle fibers to make up a fascicle
epimysium encloses several fascicles to make up a muscle
aponeurosis connects muscle to other tissues

11. Skeletal Muscle Organization

12. Smooth Muscle
Smooth muscle fibers are small, spindle shaped, and non-striated.
Involuntary – not under conscious control.
Found on the walls of many internal organs like the stomach, intestines, bladder, and respiratory passages.

13. Cardiac Muscle - Branched
Located solely in the walls of the heart.
Cardiac cells are, involuntary and striated.
Arranged in an interconnected network of figure-eight or spiral-shaped bundles that join at the intercalated disks.

14. Review and Assessment True or False? Smooth muscle is voluntary. F
2. Cardiac muscle has branching fibers. T
3. Smooth muscle is multinucleated (multiple nuclei).
4. Perimysium wraps fascicles to make a muscle.
5. Endomysium surrounds the muscle fibers.

15. Behavioral Properties of Muscle
All muscles have four behavioral characteristics in common:
extensibility– the ability to be stretched.
elasticity– the ability to return to normal length after a stretch.
irritability– the ability to respond to a stimulus.
contractility– the ability to contract or shorten.

16. Muscle Tissue Functions
tension and types of skeletal muscle contraction
agonist– the prime mover, moves bone
antagonist–opposes the movement of the agonist
Example: Bicep Curls. The bicep acts as the agonist and triceps acts as the antagonist.

17. Concentric Contraction
agonist contracts
antagonist relaxes

18. Eccentric Contraction
agonist contracts while lengthening, antagonist relaxes

19. Isometric Contraction
both agonist and antagonist contract

20. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–5 below: extensibility, elasticity, irritability, contractility, agonist, antagonist. 1. respond 2. opposes movement 3. stretch 4. shorten 5. causes movement

21. END

22. Exit Ticket Which is not a category of muscle? a. skeletal b. smooth
d. rough
e. cardiac

23. 2) What is the only type of muscle found in the heart. a
2) What is the only type of muscle found in the heart? a. smooth muscle b. eccentric c. cardiac d. sarcolemma

24. 3) When you perform a bicep curl, there are two muscles involved, the bicep and the triceps. Which of muscle is the agonist and which is the antagonist? Agonist = ________________ Antagonist = ________________

25. 4) Look at the pictures below
4) Look at the pictures below. Identify each of the following types of muscle as either: Skeletal, Smooth, or Cardiac Muscle. A. B. C.

26. Skeletal Muscle Actions
Chapter 5: The Muscular System
Lesson 5.2
Skeletal Muscle Actions

27. Skeletal Muscle the motor unit skeletal fiber types
muscular strength, power, and endurance

28. The Motor Unit
group of muscle fibers under the control of one motor neuron

29. Generating Action Potentials
acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction
depolarization takes place on muscle fiber
action potential begins

30. Contraction of the Sarcomeres
sarcomeres shorten by actin filaments sliding along myosin filaments

31. Maximum Tension and Return to Relaxation
action potential always causes entire motor unit muscle fibers to contract
all-or-none law

32. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. An action potential causes one half of the fibers in the motor unit to contract.
2. Acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction.
3. The sarcomeres lengthen by myosin filaments sliding over actin filaments.

33. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
slow-twitch
fast-twitch
type IIa
type IIb

34. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Architecture
parallel fiber arrangements
fusiform
bundled
triangular
pennate fiber arrangements
unipennate
bipennate
multipennate

35. Muscular Strength rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint
the maximum weight you can lift is a measurement of muscular strength

36. Muscle Power force x velocity
how fast you can sprint is a measurement of muscle power

37. Muscle Endurance muscle tension/time
how far you can run is a measurement of muscle endurance

38. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–5 below: muscle endurance, muscular strength, muscle power, Type I, Type IIb. 1. force x velocity 2. muscle tension/time 3. rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint 4. slow twitch, slow fatigue 5. fast twitch, fast fatigue

39. The Major Skeletal Muscles
Chapter 5: The Muscular System
Lesson 5.3
The Major Skeletal Muscles

40. The Major Skeletal Muscles
directional motions
head and neck muscles
trunk muscles
upper limb muscles
lower limb muscles

41. Skeletal Muscle Attachments
origin
fixed end of a muscle
insertion
movable end of a muscle

42. Sagittal Plane Movements
flexion
extension
hyperextension
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion

43. Frontal Plane Movements
abduction
adduction
inversion
eversion
radial deviation
ulnar deviation

44. Transverse Plane Movements
medial rotation
lateral rotation
pronation
supination

45. Multiplanar Movements
circumduction
opposition

46. Review and Assessment
True or False? 1. Circumduction is a multiple plane movement. 2. Supination is a multiple plane movement. 3. The insertion is the fixed end of a muscle. 4. Extension is a sagittal plane movement. 5. Adduction is a frontal plane movement.

47. Head and Neck Muscles

48. Trunk Muscles

49. Upper Limb Muscles

50. Lower Limb Muscles

51. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: head, trunk, upper limb, lower limb. 1. temporalis 2. brachioradialis 3. external oblique 4. biceps femoris

52. Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles
Chapter 5: The Muscular System
Lesson 5.4
Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles

53. Muscle Injuries strain–overstretched muscle contusion–bruised muscle
grade I, II, III
contusion–bruised muscle
myositis ossificans
cramps–spasming muscle
delayed onset muscle soreness–tear

54. Tendon Injuries tendinitis–inflamed tendon
tendinosis–degeneration of a tendon
Val Thoermer/Shutterstock.com

55. Joint Injuries rotational injury at shoulder overuse of elbow
shin splints
whiplash

56. Muscle Disorders
muscular dystrophy
hernia

57. Review and Assessment
True or False? 1. Tendinitis is muscle strain. 2. A contusion is a bruise. 3. Whiplash is a joint injury. 4. A hernia is a tendon injury. 5. A strain is an over stretch of a tendon.