1. Insight stage
Facilitating change

2. Post-Exploration
What happens after you help client create a narrative?
Finding patterns in interpersonal and intrapersonal dynamics
Redefine the problem
New insights
Experience self differently
Improve self-worth and congruency

3. Attachment Theory Theory helps to conceptualize client’s difficulties
Why does the client have the difficulties
Theory helps to explain cause
Theory helps guide areas of treatment intervention
Attachment Theory: one of many powerful lenses to help conceptualize cases.

4. John Bowlby Bowlby’s attachment theory (1908-1988)
Influenced by Lorenz (1935) work on animal Imprinting
Attachment Theory Posits: Attachment is biologically preprogrammed
An infants fear of stranger reflects strength of healthy attachment
Infants programmed to express behaviors that draw adults to them (smile, crying, appealing faces)
Biologically adaptive to have strong bond between mother and infant
The strength of attachment determines then child’s way of connecting with others. An internal model of connection develops.
First 2 years are the critical window of attachment. If does not develop, child will have permanent issues with deprivation and intimacy.

5. Attachment Theory Separation from Mother Attachment instills in child:
1. Protest
2. Despair
3. Detachment
Attachment instills in child:
Trust in others
Value of Self
Valuable to others

6. Mary Ainsworth Strange Situation Paradigm:
Subjects: mos infants
Put infants in various situations
Mother, baby, with stranger
Mother and Baby
Stranger joins Mother and Baby
Mother leaves Baby with Stranger
Mother returns, Stranger leaves
Measure: Proximity seeking, Proximity avoidance, Proximity resistance, Contact maintaining

7. Strange Situation Study Findings
Three Categories of Infants
1. Secure Infants (60%): Distressed when mom left, avoided strangers, reunited with mom, consoled by her easily
2. Ambivalent Infant: intense distress when mom leaves, avoids strangers, approached mom but resists contact, explores less
3. Avoidant Infant: No distress when mom left, plays with stranger, shows little interest in mom

8. Adult Attachment Relationships
Hazan and Shaver (1987) explored the relationship between early attachment and adult attachment styles
Healthy Adult intimate relationship associated with recall of affectionate and caring relationships with parents
Strong relationship between Ainsworth’s attachment patterns and later adult relationships

9. Adult Attachment Styles
Secure: low avoidance, low anxiety
Preoccupied Anxious: low avoidance; high anxiety
Fearful Avoidant: high avoidance, high anxiety
Dismissive Avoidant: low anxiety, high avoidance

10. Case Analysis: Jeffery
Role Play mock session for 10 minutes
Discuss case, develop a case conceptualization using Attachment Theory: minutes