1. WELCOME

2. RAYAT SHIKSHAN SANSTHAS
VITA HIGHSCHOOL VITA

3. SUBJECT
GENERAL SCIENCE

4. SUBJECT TEACHER
SMT. MULLA M. A.

5. STD- 8th

6. CARBON & CARBON COMPOUND
TOPIC NAME =
CARBON & CARBON COMPOUND

7. Allotropes Of Carbon crystalline Amorphous
All plants & animals products contain carbon as their main constituent. Carbon has atomic number 6 & atomic mass number 12.Its valency is 4.
Allotropes Of Carbon
crystalline Amorphous

8. Allotropes of Carbon Graphite Diamond Fullerene
NOT CARBON COPIES. Both diamond and graphite are formed from the chemical element carbon, but there are striking differences in their properties. This is explained by their different internal structures.
GRAPHITE
In graphite, carbon atoms are linked in a hexagonal (six-sided) arrangement in widely spaced layers. The layers are only weakly bonded and can slip easily over one another, making graphite one of the softest minerals.
DIAMOND
In diamond, each carbon atom is strongly bonded to four others to form a rigid compact structure. This structure makes diamond much harder than graphite.
HISTORICAL FACTS:
The internal atomic structure of crystals determines their regular shape and other properties. Each atom has its own special position and is tied to others by bonding forces. The atoms of a particular mineral always group in the same way to form crystals of that mineral. In early crystallography, the study of crystals, one of the most significant deductions was made by R.J. Hauay in In 1808, English chemist J. Dalton defined his theory that matter was built up from tiny particles called atoms. In 1895, German physicist W. Laue realized that X-rays might help determine the arrangement of atoms within a solid. This was the start of our understanding of the inside of crystals.
REFERENCE: Eyewitness Books Crystal & Gem Symes and Harding, Alfred A. Knopf Publishing, New York, 1991
ISBN Pg14
Diamond = repeating tetrahedron
Graphite = repeating hexagon
Graphite
Diamond
Fullerene
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 27

9. Diamond In the diamond crystal , every carbon atom has four atom
of carbon at specific distances around it.
Diamond

10. Diamonds in Garage Made gem quality diamonds by burning wood
Scholarship
Look up reference in Life Magazine
Molecular structure
of diamond
LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 476

11. Graphite = Graphitecrystal is a hexagonal
Graphite = Graphitecrystal is a hexagonal.Every carbon atom has three other carbon atoms around it at equal distances.
gfd
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

12. Allotropes of Carbon Graphite
Graphite

13. Fullerene = The structure of the fullerene is like a football
Fullerenes, nanotubes and nanowires - Fullerenes were first identified in 1985 as products of experiments in which graphite was vaporized using a laser, work for which R. F. Curl, Jr., R. E. Smally, and H. W. Kroto shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Fullerene research is expected to lead to new materials, lubricants, coatings, catalysts, electro-optical devices, and medical applications.

14. THANK YOU