1. What is a Fossil?
Traces or remains of living things from long ago.
There are 2 main types of fossils:
Original remains
Rock fossils

2. Original Remains

3. Original Remains
Fossils that are the actual bodies or body parts of organisms.
There are 3 modes of preservation:
Ice- best way to preserve
Amber- tree sap
Tar- thick, oily substance

4. Ice
Ice is one of the best preservers of the remains of prehistoric life.
Huge ice fields in Siberia and Alaska contain 10,000 year-old mammoths.

5. Amber
Amber forms from resin, a sticky substance inside trees that flows like syrup and protects the tree by trapping insects.

7. Tar
Original remains of animals have also been found in places where there are pools of tar – a thick, oily substance.

8. Rock Fossils

9. Rock Fossils
If an organism is covered by or buried in sediment, it may become a fossil as the sediments become rock.
There are 4 main types of fossils that we find in rocks: molds and casts, petrified wood, carbon films and trace fossils

10. Molds & Casts
A mold is a visible shape that has left after an animal or plant was buried in sediment and then decayed away.
A cast fossil is a solid model in the shape of the organism.

11. Petrified Wood
The stone fossil of a tree is called petrified wood.

12. Carbon Films
Carbon is an element that is found in every living thing.
Sometimes when a dead plant or animal decays, its carbon is left behind as a visible layer.

13. Trace Fossils
Trace fossils are not parts of an animal or impressions of it, but rather evidence of an animal’s presence in a given location.
Trace fossils include: footprints, trails, animal holes, and even feces.

14. Fossil Formation

15. How Do Fossils Form?
Conditions have to be just right for a fossil to form in rock – the organism must be preserved before it decomposes or disappears.
Rock fossils form in sedimentary rock. Why not in igneous rocks?

16. Natural Evidence

17. Tree rings & Ice cores
Fossils and other natural evidence show changes in life and the environment.
Tree rings and ice cores are used to study ancient life and climate changes on Earth.

18. Tree Rings
Tree rings in tree trunks show how much the tree grows in a year.
In dry years, trees grow slowly, making rings that are thin, and close together.
In wet years, trees grow quickly, making rings that are thicker.
Tree rings help scientists develop an accurate of history of weather patterns.

19. Ice Cores
Tube-like samples of layers of snow and ice taken from glaciers and sheets of ice that have built up over thousands of years.
Air that was trapped inside the ice give scientists clues about the changes of Earth’s atmosphere and temperature.