1. Structures and Functions
The Cell
Structures and Functions

2. Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals are examples of Eukaryotes.
The Eukaryotic Cell
Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals are examples of Eukaryotes.
Although they are different, each of them contain many of the same cellular components

3. Cellular Organelles Organelle literally means “tiny organs”
Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular organelles that perform specific functions for the cell
Some of those functions include: homeostasis, transport of molecules, synthesis of new molecules, and energy conversion.

4. The Animal Cell All animals including humans contain animal cells
These cells are individually specialized for specific functions

5. Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the process of keeping a stable internal balance within a cell or organism.

6. Cell Membrane Selectively permeable / semi- permeable
Lipid bi-layer (2)
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Found in both plant and animal cells

7. Vacuole Stores water, nutrients and wastes
The largest organelle found in the plant cell

8. Lysosomes Also known as the stomach or trash can of the cell
It contains the cells digestive enzymes

9. Transport of Molecules
Certain organelles move molecules around the cell to take them to another area of the cell or to remove them from the cell

10. Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance that contains or holds of cell’s
organelles

11. The Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins for export by the cell
Similar to factory workers
Appear as flattened sacks

12. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes steroids and regulates calcium levels
Breaks down toxic substances
Smooth ER acts like a factory

13. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves proteins through the cell
Rough ER acts as delivery trucks
Rough ER are covered in ribosomes

14. Microtubules
Pass information from the nucleus to other parts of the cells
Microtubules act as telephone wires

15. Synthesis of New molecules
The main function of the cell is to produce proteins. There are many organelles that assist with this process.

16. The Nucleus The brain of the cell
Contains all of an organisms genetic information
Controls ALL cellular functions

17. The Nucleus Cont……
Nucleolus- the center of the nucleus contains chromosomes and makes ribosomes
Nuclear Envelope- separates nucleus from the cytoplasm

18. Ribosomes Ribosomes make proteins which contain genetic information
The ribosome is made in the nucleolus

19. Energy Conversion Organelles
The Mitochondrion
Supplies the energy needed by the cell
Also known as the “power house” of the cell
ATP is the cells form of energy

20. Chloroplast Uses light energy to make sugars (food for plants)
The site of photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll which gives plants their green color

21. The Plant Cell
Contains many of the same organelles as the animal cells
Characterized by its square shape, chloroplast, and central vacuole

22. The Cell Wall Help plants to keep their shape and offers protection
Made of cellulose, a carbohydrate

24. Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
Plant cells are different from animal cells in several ways.
Plants have a cell wall
Plant cells have chloroplast
Plant cells have a large water vacuole
Plant cells also are a square or rectangular shape while animal cells are round.

25. The Eukaryotic Cell