1. Exam #1 T 6/17 in class (don’t forget cheat sheet)
Bonus #1 was due 6/13
Bonus #2 is due 7/10

2. Evolution:
A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce

3. changes drive evolution.
CB 25.3
Environmental
changes drive evolution.

4. The earth is covered in H. sapiens, but it wasn’t always.

5. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens
Multiregional hypothesis
“Out of Africa” hypothesis

6. Relationships of different populations using mtDNA
~150,000ya
7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 1

7. Relationships of different people using mtDNA.
7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

8. There is no genetic definition of race.

9. X Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens
Multiregional hypothesis
“Out of Africa” hypothesis

10. Proposed model of human evolution/
migration (based on mt and nuclear DNA)
Additional migrations
Expansion from Asia to Africa
Out of Africa of Homo sapiens
Out of Africa
Fig 9
Out of Africa of Homo erectus

11. What makes us who we are? Nature and Nurture
Based on “Nature via Nurture” by Matt Ridley (2003)

12. Genes
Traits
Genes code for proteins. These proteins give rise to traits…

13. Genes
Traits
Genes code for proteins. These proteins give rise to traits…
It is rarely this simple.

14. Imprinting:
exposure to movement (environment) sets “mother”

15. X/Y chromosomes in humans: genes = traits

16. This article, shows how even today people see nature and nurture as opposing each other:
The Pathogenesis of the Glaucomas: Nature versus Nurture Mackey, et al., Clinical & Experimental Opthamology vol 36, pg 297, April 2008

17. Twin studies have been used to determine the heritability of various traits.

18. Types of twins:

19. Twin studies have been used to determine the heritability of various traits, but there are some caveats: How many twins have been studied?
How different are the environments?

20. Correlation of weight and relatedness
Correlation of weight (BMI) %
Identical twins reared together 80
Identical twins reared apart 72
Fraternal twins reared together 43
Biological siblings 34
Parents and children living together 26
Adopted children and parents 4
Unrelated children living together 1
*But food preference shows little genetic correlation
The nature of environmental influences on weight and obesity: A behavior genetic analysis. Grilo, Carlos M.; Pogue-Geile, Michael F.; Psychological Bulletin, Vol 110(3), Nov pp And two books by Matt Ridley: Nature via Nurture (2003) and Genome: the Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters (1999)

21. Intelligence Correlation of IQ Inheritance : %
The same person tested twice 87
Identical twins reared together 86
Identical twins reared apart 76
Fraternal twins reared together 55
Biological siblings 47
Parents and children living together 40
Parents and children living apart 31
Adopted children living together 0
Unrelated people living apart 0
From two books by Matt Ridley: Nature via Nurture (2003) and Genome: the Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters (1999)

22. When the environment is equal (everyone has access to resources), genetic differences are magnified.
When environments are different (only a few have access to resources), environmental differences are magnified.

23. Proof or disproof? Correlation of IQ Inheritance : %
The same person tested twice 87
Identical twins reared together 86
Identical twins reared apart 76
Fraternal twins reared together 55
Biological siblings 47
Parents and children living together 40
Parents and children living apart 31
Adopted children living together 0
Unrelated people living apart 0
From two books by Matt Ridley: Nature via Nurture (2003) and Genome: the Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters (1999)

24. The nervous system allows us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response.

25. Input to brain is filtered. What are you paying attention to?

26. Active seeking of info versus Subconscious scanning for threats
Are we evolutionarily adapted to detect certain threats?

27. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
2001, Vol. 130, No. 3,
Arne Ohman, Anders Flykt, and Francisco Esteves

28. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroom by grid
position
Fig 1. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3,

32. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroom by grid
position
Fig 1. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3,

33. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroom is relatively quicker in a larger grid
Fig 2. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3,

34. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785 Andreas Olsson, Jeffrey P. Ebert, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Elizabeth A. Phelps
This perspective accompanies the article and has some useful background and further discussion:

35. Conditioned fear: snakes/spiders
Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

36. Conditioned fear: race
Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

37. Conditioned fear: snakes/spiders race
Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

38. Is Race Necessarily a Defining Characteristic?
Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387– Robert Kurzban, John Tooby, and Leda Cosmides

39. Random Statements My birthday is in April. My birthday is in June.
My birthday is in August.
My birthday is in January.
My birthday is in February.
My birthday is in July.
My birthday is in October.
My birthday is in May.
Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392

40. Coalition Membership I like orange. Hook em’. I like to wear overalls.
Gig em’.
Go Aggies.
I like to wear chaps.
I like Maroon.
Go Horns.
Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392

41. When alternate coalition membership information is introduced, race is ignored.
I like orange.
Hook em’.
I like to wear overalls.
Gig em’.
Go Aggies.
I like to wear chaps.
I like Maroon.
Go Horns.

42. Despite a lifetime's experience of race as a predictor of social alliance, less than 4 min of exposure to an alternate social world was enough to deflate the tendency to categorize by race. These results suggest that racism may be a volatile and eradicable construct that persists only so long as it is actively maintained through being linked to parallel systems of social alliance.
Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392

43. There is no genetic definition of race.

44. Exam #1 T 6/17 in class (don’t forget cheat sheet)
Bonus #1 was due 6/13
Bonus #2 is due 7/10