1. Lesson 2 Seedless Plants Lesson 3 Seed Plants
Lesson 1 What is a plant?
Lesson 2 Seedless Plants
Lesson 3 Seed Plants
Chapter Menu

2. What are plants?
Why are they important?
Chapter Introduction

3. Characteristics of Plants (cont.)
Plants are made of eukaryotic cells.
A plant cell differs from an animal cell because it contains chloroplasts and a cell wall.
eukaryotic
chloroplasts
cell wall
Lesson 1-1

4. Characteristics of Plants (cont.)
The cell wall provides support and protection.
A mature plant cell has one or two vacuoles that store a watery liquid called sap.
vacuoles
sap
Lesson 1-1

5. Characteristics of Plants
Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll which convert light energy to chemical energy (glucose/food) through photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, plants produce glucose and oxygen, both are vital for all living things, so plants form the foundation of many ecosystems.
chlorophyll
Photosynthesis
autotrophs
Lesson 1-1

6. Characteristics of Plants (cont.)
Plants are multicellular.
Some plants are microscopic, while others are some of the largest organisms on Earth.
(c) Stephen Durr
CORBIS
Lesson 1-1

7. Characteristics of Plants (cont.)
Do you think plants are the largest and oldest living thing in the world?
Find the top five largest living things in the world.
Find the top five longest living things in the world.
(c) Stephen Durr
CORBIS
Lesson 1-1

8. Plant Adaptations (cont.)
Plants are autotrophs but they can’t move, what adaptations do plants need?
Energy capture (feed itself)
Nutrient transport
Strong structure (grow tall)
Self protection (can’t move)
Self propagation
Energy capture (feed itself)
Nutrient transport
Strong structure (grow tall)
Self protection (can’t move)
Self propagation
Lesson 1-2

9. Plant Adaptations (Energy capture)
Plants have many adaptations for energy capture, for example:
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
Fibrous roots
Thin leaves
Vascular transport system
Stomata that open and close
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
Fibrous roots
Thin leaves
Vascular transport system
Stomata that open and close
Lesson 1-1

10. Plant Adaptations (Nutrient transport)
In some plants such as mosses, water and nutrients can move from cell to cell by the processes of osmosis and diffusion.
Other plants such as grasses and trees have specialized tissues called vascular tissue.
Lesson 1-2

11. Plant Adaptations (cont.)
Vascular tissue is composed of tube-like cells that transport water and nutrients in some plants.
Vascular tissue
Lesson 1-2

12. Plant Adaptations (Strong Structure)
A rigid cell wall made of cellulose surrounds the cell membrane in a plant cell.
cellulose
Lesson 1-2

13. Plant Adaptations (cont.)
Cellulose is an organic compound made of chains of glucose molecules.
Many land plants also produce a chemical compound called lignin which strengthens cellulose and makes it more rigid.
Lesson 1-2

14. Plant Adaptations (Self Protection)
Many plants have a waxy, protective layer on their leaves, stems, and flowers called the cuticle.
The cuticle slows the evaporation of water from a plant’s surface and provides some protection from insects.
cuticle
Lesson 1-2

15. Plant Adaptations (Self Propagation)
Because plants can’t move, some plants have water-resistant seeds or spores that are part of their reproductive process.
Seeds and spores move through environments in different ways, including animals and environmental factors such as wind and water.
Seeds
Spores
Lesson 1-2

16. Which term refers to the waxy, protective layer on the leaves, stems, and flowers of many plants?
A. cell membrane
B. cellulose
C. cuticle
D. vascular tissue
Lesson 1 – LR1

17. What carries the reproductive cells of aquatic plants from plant to plant?
A. water
B. oxygen
C. cellulose
D. carbon dioxide
Lesson 1 – LR2