1. Types of Poetry, Symbolism, & TPCASTT
Elements of Poetry
Types of Poetry, Symbolism, & TPCASTT

2. Objectives Content Objective:
Students Will Be Able To (SWBAT) compare and contrast the relationship between the purpose and characteristics of different poetic forms, and make inferences about the structure and elements of poetry
Language Objective:
SWBAT orally discuss the differences within poetic forms and will provide a written response a written response

3. Academic Vocabulary Inference
Do you remember the vocabulary word inference?
Answer: An educated guess based on textual evidence and background knowledge
Compare and Contrast
What do the words Compare and Contrast mean?
“…compare and contrast the relationship between the purpose and characteristics of different poetic forms…”
Differences
Differences
Similarities

4. Name this type of poem LYRIC Poem Answer:
The Law of the Jungle by Rudyard Kipling
Wash daily from nose-tip to tail-tip; drink deeply, but never too deep;
And remember the night is for hunting, and forget not the day is for sleep.
The Jackal may follow the Tiger, but, Cub, when thy whiskers are grown,
Remember the Wolf is a Hunter -- go forth and get food of thine own.
Keep peace with the Lords of the Jungle -- the Tiger, the Panther, and Bear.
And trouble not Hathi the Silent, and mock not the Boar in his lair.
When Pack meets with Pack in the Jungle, and neither will go from the trail,
Lie down till the leaders have spoken -- it may be fair words shall prevail.
LYRIC Poem

5. Types of Poems
Lyric, Narrative*, Free Verse, Haiku, Sonnet, Ode

6. I'm Latino Proud
I was born into this race I'm Latino Proud And it shows on my face When it comes to family We defend our own kind Something in others You'll never find We work out in the hot sun To earn our daily bread But that's alright We keep our family fed We're known for our tortillas Our beans and our rice A few jalapenos' For a touch of spice Sometimes we are bad And get sent to jail It's all so sad When we can't make bail It's guys like that Who give our race a bad name I'm still Latino Proud And I say it with no shame Chicano here Hispanic there What's the difference When the others don't care We walk with our heads up Each and every mile I'm Latino Proud And for that I can smile!
Types of Poems
Lyric
A short poem in which a single speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelings
Rhythm
Rhyme
Covers a wide range of subjects, from love to death to everyday experiences
Ex. “Mother to Son” by Langston Hughes

7. Types of Poems Narrative
Epic
A long narrative poem that is told in a formal style. It traces the adventures of great heroes.
Universal themes for epic poems are : life and death, good and evil, sin and redemption, etc.
Ballad
A narrative poem that tells a story and was originally meant to be recited or sung
Ballads have a setting, plot and characters
Usually in four-line stanzas with rhythm and rhyme
Narrative
A poem that tells a story. The narrator can be a character or an outside voice. There are two types of narrative poetry that are common. They are:
Epic Poems
Ex. The Song of Hiawatha
Ballads
Ex. Boots of Spanish Leather

8. Types of Poems After the Sea-Ship by Walt Whitman
After the Sea-Ship—after the whistling winds;
After the white-gray sails, taut to their spars and ropes,
Below, a myriad, myriad waves, hastening, lifting up their necks, 
Tending in ceaseless flow toward the track of the ship: 
Waves of the ocean, bubbling and gurgling, blithely prying,
Waves, undulating waves—liquid, uneven, emulous waves,
Toward that whirling current, laughing and buoyant, with curves, 
Where the great Vessel, sailing and tacking, displaced the surface;
Free verse
Poetry that does not contain regular patterns of rhyme and rhythm. However, this type of poetry still contains poetic devices such as figurative language, sound devices and imagery
Ex. Introduction to Poetry

9. Types of Poetry
Haiku
A Japanese form of poetry written in the following form:
A haiku has three lines, with the first line containing five syllables, the second line containing seven syllables, and the third line containing five syllables again
Clouds come from time to time -
and bring to men a chance to rest
from looking at the moon.
Sonnet
A poem that has a formal structure containing 14 lines and a specific rhyme scheme and meter
Often contains of three quatrains, or four- line units, and a final couplet
Ex. The Grasshopper and the Cricket

10. Types of Poetry
Ode
A type of lyric poem that deals with serious themes, such as justice, truth, and beauty:
Odes appeal to the imagination and the intellect, and many commemorate events or praise people or elements of nature
Ex. Ode on Solitude

11. Symbolism
A person, place, an object or an activity that stands for something beyond itself

12. Symbolism A flag is a colored piece of cloth that stands for a country
A white dove is a bird that represents peace

13. Symbolism Colors have meaning:
Red means energy, war, danger, strength, power, passion, desire, love
Orange means enthusiasm, fascination, happiness, creativity, determination, attraction, success, encouragement
Yellow means joy, intellect, happiness, energy, warning, honor, loyalty, cowardice
Green means growth, harmony, freshness, fertility, greed, nature and safety
Blue means depth, stability, trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, heaven, tranquility, calmness
Purple means royalty, nobility, luxury and ambition
White means light, goodness, innocence, purity, cleanliness, faith, and positivity
Black means power, elegance, formality, death, evil, mystery, fear, unknown, strength, authority, and grief

14. Symbolism Water means religion, baptism, purification,
Fire means anger, passion, love, pain, death
Night means darkness, end of the road, peace, tranquility, death(shadows)
Day means new life, light, opportunity, starting over, truth, good, knowledge
Number 3 mean mind, body, spirit, birth, life, death
Number 4 means four elements, four seasons
Number 6 means evil, devil
Number 7 means relationship between man and God, seven deadly sins, seven days to create the world,

15. TP-CASTT
Title, Paraphrase, Connotation, Attitude, Shifts, Title, and Theme

16. Tp-castt Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
-Langston Hughes
TITLE: Consider the title and make a prediction about what the poem is about.
T-The poem will be about dreams. It will probably be about dreams as goals, but it could also be about dreams people have while asleep

17. Tp-castt Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
-Langston Hughes
PARAPHRASE: Translate the poem line by line into your own words on a literal level. Look for complete thoughts (sentences may be inverted) and look up unfamiliar
P - Hold on tightly to dreams Because if dreams die Life is like an injured bird That cannot fly. Hold on tightly to dreams Because when dreams are lost Life is like a field with nothing in it That is frozen with snow

18. Tp-castt C- Personification- dreams die, dreams go
Personifying dreams make the dreams seem important. Dreams dying makes it seem like a dream is lost is lost forever.
Metaphor & Imagery- life is a broken winged bird, life is a barren field
Both of these metaphors have negative connotations. Losing a dream can have drastically negative results on life.
Point of View- The poem is in 2nd person. The speaker is talking directly to the reader.
End rhymes- die, fly and go, snow
Repetition- Hold fast to dreams
Alliteration- dreams die
These sound devices give the poem a dreamy and melancholic sound and mood.
Tp-castt
CONNOTATION: Examine the poem for meaning beyond the literal. Look for figurative language, imagery, and sound elements.

19. Tp-castt Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
-Langston Hughes
ATTITUDE/TONE: Notice the speaker’s tone and attitude. Humor? Sarcasm? Awe? A-
The speaker- The speaker could be male or female, but s/he sounds wise, so h/she is probably an adult, someone who has seen the negative effects of lost dreams.
The audience- The audience is general because everyone has and needs dreams.
The tone (attitude)- The speaker’s tone is cautionary (talking directly to the reader) and somewhat melancholy

20. Tp-castt Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
-Langston Hughes
SHIFTS: Note any shifts or changes in speaker or attitude. Look for key words, time change, punctuation.
S- This poem has only two sentences. There aren’t any shifts, but the poem does end abruptly with a strong image, a strong, negative image.

21. Tp-castt Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
-Langston Hughes
TITLE: Examine the title again, this time on an interpretive level.
T- The title is very indicative of what the poem will be about. The poem is about dreams and continuing to dream, and the title represents that clearly.

22. Tp-castt Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
-Langston Hughes
THEME: Briefly state in your own words what the poem is about (subject), then what the poet is saying about the subject (theme).
T- The subject is the importance of dreams. The theme or message is “A life without dreams is empty.”