1. Self-Sustaining and Energy Efficient Buildings in Residential Areas
Mirela Mihai 1*, Vladimir Tanasiev 1 and Ruxandra Vidu 2
1 University Politehnica of Bucharest, 2 University of UC Davis California, Corresponding
Introduction - Buildings
Moreover, we have integrated on the roof and in the front of view of the house a PV systems, which delivers energy and sustains electrically the entire building.
The paper presents a study of an efficient energy building, built in Romania, climate condition, according with the passive house standard.
In Europe, buildings are responsible for the most part GES by using 40% of the primary energy. Approximately 85% of the energy consumed in buildings is used for heating, lighting and for heating the domestic hot water (DHW).
The majority of this energy could be saved by increasing the insulation layers of building and using energy efficient systems for heating/cooling. Another solution is to improve energy systems i.e. photovoltaic panels to produce electricity and solar thermal panels to heat domestic water.
Results of the output temperature from heating system.
Optimal EQUA IDA ICE Software
The program EQUA IDA ICE is designed to analyze and optimize energy consumption in the buildings, by calculated the heating and cooling energy requirements for the building.
EQUA IDA ICE is an energy management software:
Designed to analyze and optimize energy consumption in the building,
Dynamic building modeling,
Modeling the systems implemented in the building for
Heating / Cooling, HVAC systems, heat pumps, renewable systems: solar panels and photovoltaic panels etc.
Analysis of energy consumption at the level of buildings in a year.
Passive House Concept
After of the oil crisis from 1973, appear a high interest in the design of energy efficient buildings. Thus was rise the concept of passive house, initially as a pilot project in Darmstadt, Germany.
Passive houses are those buildings that provide a comfortable climate throughout the year with a minimum energy requirement for heating of cooling.
For a home to be passive, it must meet the following criteria:
- The energy requirement for heating should not exceed 15 kWh/(m2y)
- The total primary energy requirement should not exceed 120 kWh/(m2y)
- Air exchange between the outside and the inside should be less than n-1 at a pressure difference of 50 Pa.
PV power production, during one year is 3541 kWh/y.
HVAC energy consumption, during one year has been kWh/y.
Results of the output energy consumption from HVAC system 2016.
Results of the simulation
Project Overview Passive House of UPB
Conclusion
In this paper we analyzed the energy demand of the house, which was simulated using the EQUA IDA ICE software in order to understand the house performance during the year, using various occupancy scenarios. The results showed that the energy demand for a passive house is kWh/m2year. The energy recovery from AHU heat unit is 50%.
In the future, this passive house can be a plus energy building, if doubles the number of PV installed or may be just a zero energy building. This passive house represent a model of energy efficient building, sustainable and ecological house, that represents a solution for the future residential house.
After introduction in the program all specification data about the location of the building, climate data, we start the simulation. The program takes climate data from the weather stations of the countries.
For Bucharest, the weather data is taken from Baneasa weather station.
HVAC, Solar and PV Systems included in the house
The system used in Passive House UPB, for heating and cooling includes the Earth to Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX), a ventilation system air-to-air, mechanical ventilation heat recovery unit (MVHR) and an electric resistance.
A solar collector is used for domestic hot water, which is connected to a tank that has a capacity of 200 L equipped with an electrical resistance.
Acknowledgments
The work were been in collaboration with Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany. This passive house was built during a research project developed through a partnership between UPB, UTCB, UAIM, AOSR, ISPE, ICPE, AGECOM , etc.