1. Civil rights Movement

2. Civil Rights Movement Taking on segregation in American society
De facto segregation – by practice or custom
De jure segregation – by law
Keys to the accomplishing freedom and equality
Courts
Non-violent protests
Massive
Youth are involved
The right language
The media gets involved

3. Jim Crow America

5. School Desegregation

7. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Addressed segregation in four states – KS, SC, VA, and DE
Thurgood Marshall (NAACP lawyer and future Supreme Court Justice) is the attorney
Ruling: “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
Impact:
Southern Manifesto – 90 Southern members of Congress denounced Brown and called on the states to resist it “by all lawful means.”
10 years later most southern states had not fully integrated

9. Emmett Till (1955)

13. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56)

14. Begins with Rosa Parks
Lasts over a year
Importance
Martin Luther King, Jr. is selected as the leader
Economic boycotts work
Non-violent protests work

16. Formation of SCLC

17. Little Rock Nine (1957-58) Central High School: Little Rock, Arkansas
Governor is up for reelection and does not want to integrate
Uses the National Guard to deny the students entry
Eisenhower meets with Faubus and convinces him that it is in his best interest to let the students enroll
He provides a basic police force and it turns into a riot
Eisenhower federalizes the Arkansas National Guard and sends in the 101st Airborne
The next year Faubus closes the school system in Little Rock

22. The Greensboro Four (1960)

23. Formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

24. Sit-in Movement

25. Freedom Rides (1961)

28. The Freedom Rides magnified the necessity for federal support for Civil Rights Workers
This showed the nature of the state vs. federal authority issue present during the Civil Rights Movement

29. Birmingham (1963) Known as Bombingham; Project C (Confrontation)
Specifically targeted
“Letter From Birmingham City Jail”
Directed towards local white clergy
Tired of hearing the word “wait”
The white moderate is the key problem
Children’s March
1,000 children jailed

33. I Have a Dream Speech

34. The speech
Connection to America’s past
Constant referencing brotherhood of whites and blacks
Use of geography makes it a national issue
Religion, religion, religion

36. Selma (1965)

39. Selma March
From Selma to Montgomery, Alabama (along the Jefferson Davis Highway)
5 days; 54 miles; from 300 to 25,000 marchers
Protected by 2,000 soldiers of the U.S. Army, 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under Federal command, and many FBI agents and Federal Marshals

40. Black Power Movement

41. Black Panthers

42. Malcolm X

43. 1968 Olympics
Tommie Smith, Peter Norman, John Carlos
IOC’s reaction
U.S.’s reaction
Australia’s reaction

44. San Jose State Memorial

45. 1968 Riots