1. History and Art- The Muralists

2. Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo

3. Jose Clement Orozco

4. History and Art Three Major Civilizations
Mayans in the Yucatan Peninsula
Incas in Peru
The fierce Aztecs in Mexico

5. The Aztec Empire
By 1500 the Aztec Empire territory included 125,000 square miles with a population of about 10 million people

6. Aztec Empire

7. The Fierce Aztecs

8. The Aztecs and human sacrifice
At least 15,000 per year were sacrificed.
Nourishment for the sun god and strikes fear in the enemy.

13. Jaguar Warrior

14. Tenochtitlan Marketplace Diego Rivera 1933

15. Tenochtitlan 1345 eagle perched on a cactus eating a serpent

16. Tenochtitlan
Temples
Pyramids
Market place
palaces

17. How does Cortes do it?

18. Hernan Cortes Spanish conqueror arrives in Tenochtitlan in 1519
Within two years had conquered the powerful Aztec empire
Spaniard’s resemblance to Quetzalcoatl-the Aztec emperor Montezuma less wary than usual.

20. Cortes
Quetzalcoatl
Armor
Horses
Small pox
Angry neighbors

21. Conquest-Jose Orozco 1939

22. Conquest-Jose Orozco
Winged angel above Cortes shows partnership with catholic church in conquest; fire represents destruction; Cortes 7 angel made of machinery, represents new European technology; Cortes is heartless = empty space in his chest; iron sword could not be matched

23. Absorption of the Indian Jose Orozco 1927

24. Creation of the Mestizo
Genetic mixing of Spanish and Indian races
Malinche synonymous with traitor

27. Colonial Domination Diego Rivera (1933)
3 symbols of conquest: Spanish flag; Catholic cross & sword; back breaking labor in gold mines; defeat of Aztecs = Cuauhtemoc at feet of Spanish; branding iron = Spaniards treated Indians like livestock; Spaniards’ greed = bag of gold; line of Indians yoked to plow = treated like beasts of burden

28. Colonial Domination Rivera-1933

30. Spanish Treatment of the Indians
300 years of mistreatment of the indigenous population by the colonizing Spanish
Catholic church helped to justify this treatment
Encomiendas-land grants

31. The Social Pyramid in Mexico
Peninsulares-Spaniards born in Spain
who filled the top positions in gov.
Criollos-people of pure Spanish
descent born in Mexico
Mestizos
Indians

33. Father Miguel Hidalgo
On Sept. 16, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo, leader of a small parish consisting of Indians and Mestizos declared Mexico’s independence from Spain. Soon Hidalgo was killed as was other revolutionaries who followed.

34. Fight for Liberty Jose Orozco 1939

35. Benito Juarez
Juarez is one of Mexico’s best loved leaders. He was dedicated to helping the poor and protecting them from corruption w/in the church.

36. Juarez and the Fall of the Empire Orozco

37. Juarez Dedicated to helping the poor
Against the corruption of the church
Fought the French
Continued his reforms until his death 1872

38. Mexican Independence
As Mexico moved into the 19th century, it continued to have socioeconomic stratification based on skin color and heritage.

39. Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz
Diaz came to power in 1876-Mexican technology for mining and agriculture had not changed since colonial times. He rules as a dictator for 34 years
Most peasants lived in virtual slavery. Most people had 1/2 of what they had to eat in People resented Diaz and this resentment lead to the Mex. Rev of 1910