1. Factor Structure of the Cybersex Motives Questionnaire
PD Stéphane Rothen
PhD Psych, MSc Stat
Elisabeth Franc
Prof. Yasser Khazaal
Prof. Daniele Zullino

2. Internet is widely used for sexual activities and pornography.
Rationale
Internet is widely used for sexual activities and pornography.
Little is known about the reasons why people are looking for meetings and sexual interactions through the Internet.

3. Objectives
The goal of the study was to adapt the Gambling Motives Questionnaire
for cybersex use and to validate its structure

4. Methods Online sample 191 subjects PCA Cronbach’s alpha
Among the 531 subjects who clicked on the link to the study, 400 gave their consent to participate. After removing cases with missing value on the GMQ questionnaire, 191 subjects were included in the analyses.
Hokusai

5. Sample % % 16 69

6. 16 69 Sample Celibate In relationship Heterosexual Married Homosexual%
In relationship %
Married % % %
Heterosexual %
Homosexual
11 5.9%
Bisexual % 16 69
Age range was between 16 and 69 years old, with the median at 32. Males were older than females (t-test: 36.1 vs respectively, t=2.7, df=159, p<0.01).
There were no statistical association between gender and sexual orientation.

7. GMQ As a way to celebrate To relax Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
GMQ

8. Enhancement Motives Subscale
As a way to celebrate
To relax
Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
GMQ
Enhancement Motives Subscale

9. Social Motives Subscale
As a way to celebrate
To relax
Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
GMQ
Social Motives Subscale

10. Coping Motives Subscale
As a way to celebrate
To relax
Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
GMQ
Coping Motives Subscale

11. Cybersex MQ As a way to celebrate To relax
Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

12. Cybersex MQ As a way to celebrate To relax
Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

13. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

14. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

15. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because you like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

16. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

17. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because it’s what most of your friends do when you get together
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

18. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

19. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
To forget your worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

20. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

21. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

22. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
To be sociable
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

23. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

24. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
Because you feel more self confident or sure of yourself
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

25. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

26. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

27. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
Because it is something I do on special occasions
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

28. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

29. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when you are feeling nervous or depressed
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

30. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

31. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

32. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

33. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
To cheer up when you’re in a bad mood
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

34. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

35. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
Because it makes you feel good
Cybersex MQ

36. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
Because it makes me feel good
Cybersex MQ

37. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
Because it makes me feel good
To meet somebody
Cybersex MQ

38. Cybersex MQ To get entertained To relax Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it’s exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
To get a “high” feeling
For masturbation
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Because it’s fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
Because it makes me feel good
To meet somebody
For watching
Cybersex MQ

39. PCA
With the discrete nature of the GMQ items, PCA is preferred over exploratory factor analysis (EFA) since PCA does not assume any particular multivariate model, which is not the case for EFA. Moreover, it is known that when the same numbers of factors or components are extracted, both techniques yield highly similar results.
The number of components to extract was determined by the scree test and the Velicer’s minimum average partial (MAP) test done on the correlation matrix.

40. PCA
Scree Test
The scree-test suggested clearly retaining three factors

41. PCA
MAP Test
the MAP test gave an ambiguous solution since 2 or 3 factors got a very close value ( and respectively) knowing that the MAP test interpretation is on the basis the smaller the better.

42. PCA
MAP Test
In order to disentangle the MAP test result, a bootstrap technique was applied, which confirmed the ambiguous result: among the 1000 bootstrap samples, 52% suggested retaining 2 factor and 43% 3 factors while the boxplots from the bootstrapped MAP test (Figure 3) for 2 and 3 factors are overlapping almost completely.

43. CMQ – 2 factors To get entertained To relax To meet somebody
Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it is exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others 
For watching
To get a « high » feeling
For masturbation 
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Simply because it is fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
Because it makes me feel good
CMQ – 2 factors

44. Enhancement Motives Subscale
To get entertained
To relax
To meet somebody
Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it is exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others 
For watching
To get a « high » feeling
For masturbation 
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Simply because it is fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
Because it makes me feel good
CMQ – 3 factors
Enhancement Motives Subscale
These are the same as in the original GMQ and 10. which are the modified or added questions and are relevant into this subscale. 2. To relax was originally on the Coping scale. But it also has a high loading on this factor. 17. as well.

45. Coping Motives Subscale
To get entertained
To relax
To meet somebody
Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it is exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others 
For watching
To get a « high » feeling
For masturbation 
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Simply because it is fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
Because it makes me feel good
CMQ – 3 factors
Coping Motives Subscale
Again, these are the same as in the original GMQ
16. has also a high loading on factor Social motives, which is a bit incoherent.

46. Social Motives Subscale
To get entertained
To relax
To meet somebody
Because I like the feeling
Because I need to exchange with other people
In order to forget my problems or worries
Because it is exciting
For being sociable and appreciated by others 
For watching
To get a « high » feeling
For masturbation 
Because it helps when I’m depressed or nervous
Simply because it is fun
Because it makes a social gathering more enjoyable
It comforts me when I am in a bad mood 
For feeling confident about myself and upgrading my self estimation
Because it makes me feel good
CMQ – 3 factors
Social Motives Subscale
Again, these are the same as in the original GMQ

47. Reliability 0.84 [0.79;0.90] 0.79 [0.70;0.88] 0.73 [0.63;0.83]
Factor I
0.84 [0.79;0.90]
Factor II
0.79 [0.72;0.86]
Enhancement Motives Subscale
0.84 [0.79;0.90]
Coping Motives Subscale
0.79 [0.70;0.88]
Social Motives Subscale
0.73 [0.63;0.83]

48. Conclusions
Rather three factors
Needs replications
You can use it!

50. Sample
17.8%
7.4%
1.9%
7.4%
84.6%
74.8%