1. Everything that has mass and volume is called matter.
What is matter?
Everything that has mass and volume is called matter.
Basic definition of matter.

2. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Matter can exist in these 3 states.
Changes of state may occur under specific conditions.
Liquid into Gas: evaporation and boiling
Solid into Liquid: melting
Solid into Gas: sublimation

3. What kind of changes does matter undergo?
All matter, regardless of state, undergoes physical and chemical changes. These changes can be microscopic or macroscopic.

4. What is a physical change?
A physical change occurs when the substance changes state but does not change its chemical composition. For example: water freezing into ice, cutting a piece of wood into smaller pieces, etc. The form or appearance has changed, but the properties of that substance are the same (i.e. it has the same melting point, boiling point, chemical composition, etc.)
Definition of physical changes.

5. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Solids
Have a definite shape
Have a definite volume
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Molecules are held close together and there is very little movement between them.

6. Have an indefinite shape Have a definite volume
Liquids
Have an indefinite shape
Have a definite volume
Kinetic Molecular Theory:
Atoms and molecules have more space between them than a solid does, but less than a gas (ie. It is more “fluid”.)

7. Have an indefinite shape Have an indefinite volume
Gases
Have an indefinite shape
Have an indefinite volume
Kinetic Molecular Theory:
Molecules are moving in random patterns with varying amounts of distance between the particles.

8. Kinetic Molecular Model of Water
At 100°C, water becomes water vapor, a gas. Molecules can move randomly over large distances.
Between 0°C and 100 °C, water is a liquid. In the liquid state, water molecules are close together, but can move about freely.
Below 0°C, water solidifies to become ice. In the solid state, water molecules are held together in a rigid structure.

9. Changing States Heat of formation, Hf. Heat of vaporization, Hv
Changing states requires energy in either the form of heat. Changing states may also be due to the change in pressure in a system.
Heat of formation, Hf.
Heat of vaporization, Hv

10. States of Matter
Solids
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Solids have an infinite number of free surfaces.

11. Liquids States of Matter
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Liquids have one free surface.

12. States of Matter
Gases
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Gases have no free surfaces.

13. States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place
Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles
Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another

14. States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids
Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another.
Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.
Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another.

15. States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another.
Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.
Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another.