1. Macromolecules of Life
And that Means Fat Ones!

2. Macromolecules of Life
Macro- , large
Molecules, a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Very, very large molecules with many atoms.
I mean many, mucho, atoms.

3. Macromolecules

4. Macromolecules:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

5. Carbohydrates Compounds made of C, H and O in a 1:2:1 ratio ( C2H4O2 )
Source of energy
Examples: rice, bread, tortillas, pasta, etc.

6. Carbohydrates Disaccharide, two sugars -saccharide = sugar
Subunit: glucose, C6H12O6
Monosaccharide, one sugar
Disaccharide, two sugars
-saccharide = sugar

7. Glucose Fructose

8. Polysaccharides
Made up of ‘many’ ( poly-) sugar molecules such as glucose.
polysaccharide

9. Lipids Phospholipids – cell wall
Steroids – cholesterol, human growth hormone
Fats – butter, vegetable oil, lard
Waxes – like “Mom I can’t hear, I think I’ve got some wax in my ear

10. Lipids Provide energy for cells Cell or plasmid membrane
Pigments such as chlorophyll a & b in plant photosynthesis

11. Lipids
Phospholipid bilayer of cell membrane:

12. Phospholipid bilayer of cell membrane

13. Phospholipid bilayer:

16. Proteins The subunits of proteins are amino acids, a.a.
Twenty different types of a.a.
Enzymes are examples of proteins
Sensitive to temperature and pH

18. Proteins Polypeptides = Proteins
Important in your body such as: hair, skin, muscles, enzymes, etc.
Enzymes are important catalysts in chemical reactions.
Polypeptides = Proteins

19. Got Protein?

20. Pork ( the other white meat )
Proteins:
Soybeans
Chicken
Pork ( the other white meat )
Beef
Fish

21. Protein Synthesis? What type of hair you have
What type of muscles you have
What type of skin you have
How tall you are
What color your eyes are

22. Protein Synthesis = Genetic Expression

23. Nucleic Acids Subunits are nucleotides
Nucleotides are made up of: phosphate, sugar and N-base
Store hereditary information

25. Nucleic Acids Ribonucleic Acid, RNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, DNA
Important in cell reproduction
Important in protein synthesis

26. Nucleic Acids are made of:
Phosphate molecule
Sugar molecule
Nitrogen base

27. Structure of Nucleotide

28. The ‘rungs’ of the DNA molecule are the N-bases.
Nucleotide

29. Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP
Known as the “Energy Currency of Cells”.
By product when carbohydrates and lipids are broken down during the digestion of food
Cells need ATP to live

30. Molecule
Subunit
Example
Function
Carb
Glucose
Sugar
Energy
Protein
Amino
Acid
Meat
Fish
Body
Structure
Nucleic
Nucleo-
tide
DNA,
RNA
Heredity

31. The Four Macromolecules:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acids

32. The End

33. Eukaryotic Cells