1. Tawsif Rahman University of Science and Technology 23 May,2016
Production and Analysis of the Characteristics of Bio crude-oil from Palm Kernel Shell by Fast Pyrolysis
Tawsif Rahman University of Science and Technology 23 May,2016

2. -Introduction -Experimental method -Result & Discussion -Conclusion
Content
-Introduction -Experimental method -Result & Discussion -Conclusion

3. Introduction
Pyrolysis is basically a thermal decomposition process of organic substance
It needs high temperature with oxygen free environment
This process produces gas, liquid and solid residue
Fast pyrolysis occurs close to 500℃ and short reaction time. It is generally used to produce more liquid than gas and solid residue.
Figure 1: Pyrolysis Process

4. Figure 2: a)cross section of palm , b) Palm Kernel Shells(PKS)
Introduction
Palm kernel shells (PKS) are the shell fractions of Palm nut .
Commercially byproduct of Palm Oil
Shells are fibrous and hard
(a) (b)
Figure 2: a)cross section of palm , b) Palm Kernel Shells(PKS)

5. Introduction
Why PKS for fast pyrolysis? -Reduce the dependency on fossil fuel -Easy to collect from commercial palm oil mills -More Effective utilization than solid fuel -High energy content

6. Experimental Method
Experimental Apparatus: Bubbling fluidized bed reactor
Fluidized bed material: Sand
Fluidized Medium: Nitrogen
Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of KIMM Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor

7. Experimental method Figure 4 : PKS after grinding and sieving
Feed Preparation: Drying- Grinding- sieving
Feed Size Fixed: 0.425mm to 1mm.
Feed rate Fixed:200gm/hr.
Duration: 1 Hour
Figure 4 : PKS after grinding and sieving

8. Result & Discussion
Four experiments were done for different reaction temperatures: Experiment 1: 465℃ Experiment 2: 490℃ Experiment 3: 525℃ Experiment 4: 560℃ Figure 5 : PKS Bio crude Oil

9. Result & Discussion Products at a glance: Experiment No.
Reaction Temperature
(℃)
Oil yield (%)
Char yield (%)
Gas yield (%) 1
465℃
37.07
27.15
35.77 2
490℃
41.56
35.36
23.07 3
525℃ 30
18.04
51.95 4
560℃
38.11
39.62
22.25

10. Figure 6 : Influence of reaction temperature on products
Result & discussion
Figure 6 : Influence of reaction temperature on products

11. Reaction Temperature (℃) Higher Heating value(MJ/kg)
Result & Discussion
Higher heating value(HHV):
Changing Parameter: Reaction Temperature
HHV of Raw PKS : 18.31MJ/kg
Experiment No.
Reaction Temperature (℃)
Higher Heating value(MJ/kg) 1
465
18.59 2
490
17.42 3
525
16.51 4
560
14.96

12. Figure 7 :Affect of Reaction Temperature on HHV
Result & Discussion
Figure 7 :Affect of Reaction Temperature on HHV

13. Result & Discussion Energy Yield: Experiment No. Reaction Temperature
(℃)
Higher
Heating
value
(MJ/kg)
Bio crude
Oil
Yield
(%)
Energy 1
465
18.59
37.07
37.63 2
490
17.42
41.56
39.53 3
525
16.51 30
27.05 4
560
14.96
38.11
31.13

14. Figure 8: Reaction Temperature influence on Energy Yield
Result & discussion
Figure 8: Reaction Temperature influence on Energy Yield

15. Result & Discussion Proximate Analysis : Reaction Temperature (℃)
Moisture
(wt %)
Volatile
Fixed Carbon
Ash
465
38.63
57.27
3.83
0.25
490
43.43
50.95
5.32
0.29
525
53.95
37.95
7.99
0.09
560
52.56
39.06
8.21
0.16

16. Result & Discussion Elemental Analysis: Reaction Temperature (℃)
*by difference
Reaction Temperature
(℃)
Nitrogen
(%)
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulphur
Oxygen*
465
1.12
48.79
7.00
43.08
490
2.8
45.16
7.85
44.19
525
1.02
44.62
7.97
46.37
560
0.81
40.53
8.13
50.52

17. conclusion Summary: Pyrolysis characteristics of PKS has been observed
To get the effect of reaction temperature on whole process, other reaction parameters (feed rate, feed size) kept constant
The product distribution under the influence of different reaction temperature is revealed
Proximate and Elemental analysis were done to take a closer look of the oil

18. Conclusion Future Works:
More Experiments for different reaction temperatures
Comparison with other biomass and their product
Change of other parameters: Feed size, feed rate
Investigation of the mixture of PKS bio crude oil and other fuel

19. Thank you