1. Exploration and Colonization

2. 3 Worlds: European Societies Around 1492
The Following Things Were Happening in Europe……
The Crusades and the Growth of Commerce
The Growth of the Population
The Rise of Nations and Monarchs
The Renaissance
Reformation

3. 3 Worlds: North American Societies in 1492
Trade networks brought Native Americans in contact with other people
They regarded the land as a source of life and not commodity that could or should be traded

4. 3 Worlds: West African Societies Around 1492
Africa was geographically isolated; but connected through trade.
Outposts were established along the western coast of Africa by the Portuguese under Prince Henry-
The Portuguese spread goods and religion- wanted to convert the Muslims there to Christianity.
Began European trade of west African slaves

5. Portuguese Explorers
Explorers like Bartholomeu Dias continued Henry’s dream reached the tip of Africa in1488.
Vasco da Gama finally reached India in 1498.

6. Marco Polo plants the idea…
Although Marco Polo’s journey to China took place in the 1200’s, it was not until 1477 that people became excited about it
countries had more money and better technology = wanted to dominate the spice trade
The expense of the journey across the land led Europeans to seek alternative routes.

7. National Rivalries in Exploration
Portugal vs. Spain
Treaty of Tordesilla: (1494) Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the Western hemisphere- lands to the west in the Atlantic “belong” to Spain; lands in the east “belong” to Portugal

8. Who is this guy?

9. Explorations- a New World Christopher Columbus
In 1492, Italian sailor Columbus convinced the Spanish court of Ferdinand and Isabella to finance a trip
Columbus would sail west across the Atlantic in an effort to find a better, cheaper route to India.

10. Reaching the New Land
What areas did Columbus find in his voyage across the Atlantic?
Santo Domingo (Hispaniola) and several Caribbean Islands
Who did Columbus encounter in these new lands?
Columbus wrote of the people he encountered, “They should be good servants and of quick intelligence since I see they very soon say all that is said to them, and I believe that they would easily make good Christians.”
Explosion of exploration from Europe begins
European nations—primarily Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, France, and England—set out to build colonial empires

11. Transatlantic Encounters
Columbus and others planted Spanish settlements
Called the people “los indios” or Indians, thinking he was in the East Indies (Asia)
Natives suffered from the harsh rule of the Spanish who killed many and enslaved those who survived.
Disease is one of the major things trade to the natives.

12. Push and Pull Factors
Independent: Answer the following questions in complete sentences
What do you know about these two terms? (Push and Pull Factors)
Why do people come to the United States today?
Why do people want to leave other countries today?
Why might people have emigrated/immigrated in past times?
What are some historical events that have caused people to leave their homes and move elsewhere?
With a partner
Draw a (T) chart on a piece of paper
On the left column write Push and on the right column write Pull
Identify as many Push/Pull factors as you can and write them on your (T) chart

13. Push and Pull of Colonization
Three G’s
Gold (Economic)- push to obtain gold and other new riches
God (Religious)- spread Christianity
Glory (Power)- European nations wanted bigger empires/more land/more power
Other reasons: Overpopulation, poverty, and crime

15. Spain’s Empire in the Americas
Following Columbus’ voyage other Spanish explorers or conquistadors came to the Americas.
destroyed Native American societies
Won fame and fortune
Made Spain the most powerful nation on the earth.
1513- Juan Ponce De Leon claims modern day Florida for Spain

16. Conquistadors Push North…
In 1513, Spain moved into the southeastern and southwestern United States
Dreaming of more gold and conquests
Afraid the European nations might invade their empire.
After Ponce de Leon- no gold, disease and starvation led Spanish to leave
France moves to settle Florida so Spain invades
Settle in St Augustine, FL (1565) - the oldest European-founded city

17. Settling the Southwest
1540, Spain begins to move into the southwest searching for wealth; find nothing BUT missionary priests begin settling, building churches and trying to gather natives into settlements called congregaciones.
Capital became Santa Fe 1609
Camino Real mile trail built in the Pueblo area following Christian missions from Santa Fe to Mexico City

18. Spanish Class System in the Colonies
Draw and label the diagram in your notes

19. French Colonies Samuel de Champlain
Explored along the St. Lawrence River
Started first permanent French settlement in Canada- Quebec 1608
French established fur trade with the American Indians and a cooperative relationship
AKA: Colony of New France grew to include the Mississippi valley

20. Impact on Native Americans
Resistance and Conquest
European Disease-

21. Slave Trade Begins
First Native Americans were enslaved then a labor shortage emerged
Demand for Africans grew
African slavery became a part of the European-American economic system
Triangle Trade

22. Impact on Europeans
Columbus’s explorations started the Columbian Exchange
-Introduction of new plants and animals between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
-Spread of disease