1. UNIT 4
wood

2. definition
RAW MATERIAL
COMES FROM TRUNKS OF TREES AND BUSHES

3. COMPOSITION
LIGNIN
CELLULOSE FIBRES
RESISTENCE
UNION

4. 1. WOOD
1.WOOD
Wood is a raw vegetable material, which it comes from the trunks of trees and it´s composed of cellulose fibres and lignine
Wood is a raw vegetable material, which it comes from the trunks of trees and it´s composed of cellulose fibres

5. 1.1. How to process wood
The process starts with the extraction of the TIMBER (raw material) and ends with the production of planks.

6. a) CUTTING AND PRUNING
CHAINSAW

7. b) TRANSPORT
log

8. c) REMOVING THE BARK
SAWMILL

9. d) SAWING

10. e) DRYING

11. f) PLANING

12. Preparing wood for use Cutting
Washing: the wood is put in water to extract different fluids
Drying: reduce water through evaporation.
- Natural drying: the planks are put in piles, with spaces between them.
- Artificial drying: in big rooms with hot, dry air.

13. 2- CLASSIFYING WOOD
Hardwoods: comes from deciduous tres. They have thick, compact trunks. Different colours
Softwoods: comes from conifers, with needle leaves. They are light and easy to work with. Pale-coloured.

14. 3. DERIVATIVES OF WOOD
They are not taken directly fromcuttinglogs: tehy comefrom sheets, fibresorchips which are compressed and glued together.
Derivatives of Wood
engineered wood cellulose materials

15. 3.1. Engineered wood PLYWOOD: contrachapado FIBREBOARD:
Formed by gluing together thin sheets with synthetic resins.
Can warp.
FIBREBOARD:
Tablero de fibre
Made from grinding chips.
Very resistant to humidity.
CHIPBOARD:
aglomerado
Made with wood shavings and chips
Fragile but not easily deformed

16. 3.2. CELLULOSE MATERIALS: PROCESS OF PAPER MAKING FROM WOOD
PAPER, CARDBOARD, SILKPAPER AND CARD.
PROCESS OF PAPER MAKING FROM WOOD

17. ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
4. PROPERTIES OF WOOD
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

18. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES HARDNESS PROPERTIES
Wood is HARD,but can be penetrated by objects

19. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DENSITY PROPERTIES
Wood is less dense than water, so it floats

20. ELECTRICAL INSULATION
PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTRICAL INSULATION
Wood is a good electrical insulator

21. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES THERMICAL INSULATION PROPERTIES
Wood is a good thermical insulator,
but it burns easily

22. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES POROSITY PROPERTIES
Wood can absorb liquids because
it has tiny holes called pores

23. MECHANICAL RESISTANCE
PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MECHANICAL RESISTANCE
Wood has a good mechanical resistance

24. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES COLOUR AND GRAIN PROPERTIES
Wood has aesthetic qualities:
variety of colour and grain

25. ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES RENEWABLE

26. PROPERTIES
BIODEGRADABLE
It decomposes as time passes

27. ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES RECYCLABLE

28. 5. EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND MACHINES

29. 5.1. Measure, mark and draw
MEASURE
MARK
DRAW

30. CARPENTER´S SQUARE

31. PROTRACTOR

32. RULER

33. CARPENTER´S PENCIL

34. MEASURING TAPE

35. COMPASS

36. AWL OR PUNCH

37. 5.2. cutting and sawing

38. MANUAL SAW

39. JIGSAW

40. BENCHSAW

41. 5.3. drilling

42. GIMLET

43. MANUAL DRILL

44. DRILL

45. 5.4. carving and levelling

46. PLANE

47. CHISEL

48. 5.5. planing and sanding

49. RASP, FILE, SANDPAPER

50. SANDER

51. GRINDER

52. 5.6. joining or assembling pieces

53. JOINTS POSIBILITIES
NAILS
SCREWS
HINGES
ADHESIVE
ASSEMBLY

54. TOOLS FOR NAILING
CLAW HAMMER
PIN HAMMER
PINCERS

55. TOOLS FOR SCREWING
SPANNER
SCREWDRIVER
ELECTRIC SCREW DRIVER

56. GLUE GUN

57. 5.7. finishes