1. Thursday, June 2, 2016
ESL Level 3 Week 15

2. Announcements Reading Quiz tonight Next Tuesday: Final Exam
Next Wednesday: End of the semester party
Next Thursday: Progress reports

3. Agenda Review of Units 8- 16 for the final exam
Reading Quiz after break

4. Units 8-16 review for the final exam
Most of you have the notes from these units from the midterm review, but this is mostly for the new students.

5. Unit 8 Present perfect
We use the present perfect with since and for to talk about something that began in the past and continues into the present and may continue into the future (we don’t know).
What do you need to form the present perfect?
Has/ have + past participle
I have studied at Mt. Sac for 2 years. For = por
I have studied at Mt. Sac since Since= desde I 
2012 when it began
Study the list on your best friend for past participles.
Total amount of time

6. Worksheet

7. Unit 9 Present perfect with Already, Yet, and Still review
Already Already Yet Still

8. Already
Already
S + has/ have + already + past participle + rest of the sentence
She has already finished the test!
S + has/ have + past participle + rest of the sentence + already
She has finished the test already.

9. Yet S + has/ have + not + past participle … + yet.
I have not studied for the exam yet.
Has/ have + S + past participle … yet?
Have you started studying for the final yet?

10. Still Subject + still has/ have + not + past participle …
I still haven’t gone to Universal Studios.

11. Unit 10 Present Perfect with Indefinite time
When we don’t know or when the time isn’t important, we use the present perfect. I have been to Russia. If the result of the action is important for the present, use the present perfect. The traffic has started in the 60 freeway.

12. Unit 10 Present Perfect with Indefinite time
Always and never
I have always loved baseball. *_______________________>
I have never visited China. *_______________________>
Have you ever seen a ghost? *_______________________>

13. Just, lately and recently
What is the difference if they all mean the recent past?
You can use simple past with just.
I just came from the bank. I have just come from the bank.
I have recently + past participle
I have + past part… recently
I haven’t + past participle lately.

14. Unit 11 Present perfect and simple past
Use the present perfect to talk about things that started in the ….
And continue until ….
And maybe into the future.
Use the simple past to talk about _________actions that have no connection to now.
With simple past, you can state the exact time.
Ex. I ate dinner at 6:00 PM.

15. Unit 11 Present perfect and simple past
Use the present perfect to talk about things that are not finished.
I have studied for three hours today.
Be careful! If the time period is finished, use the simple past.
I ran 7 miles this morning.
If the time period is unfinished, use the present perfect.
Ex. It is 11 am.
I have read 10 s this morning.

16. Unit 12 Review
We use the present perfect progressive to talk about something that is unfinished.
We have been studying English (for 6 months).
How do you form the present perfect progressive?
Three parts: has/ have + been + verb(ing)
We can also use the present perfect progressive to talk about things that are finished in the recent past.
She has been exercising recently. (You can see the results).

17. Unit 12 Review
We usually don’t use non-action verbs in the progressive. But it can be used sometimes, depending on your meaning.
I have been thinking about moving to Texas. OK
I have been knowing about the test. X

18. Unit 12 Review
Can you use the present perfect and the present perfect progressive tenses to talk about the same thing?
Yes!
John has worked at the company for 10 years. Present perfect
Is he still working at the company?
Yes.
John has been working at the company (for 10 years). Present perfect progressive

19. Unit 13 Can, could, be able to He can speak French.
She can dance, but she can’t sing.
She could sing really well when she was a child.
We could ride bikes, but we couldn’t drive.
After my trip to Italy, I will be able to say a few things in Italian.
Soon, you’ll be able to write to me in English.
These are all natural or learned abilities (things you can do).

20. Unit 13 How do they form the negative modal? (modal + not + base form)
How do we form questions?
(modal + subject + base form)
Use can or sometimes am/ is/ are able to for present ability.
I can dance salsa.
I can run 13 miles.
Use can or will be able to for future ability when you are talking about plans or arrangements.
I can buy the tickets tomorrow.
I’ll be able to buy the tickets tomorrow.
I can meet him on Friday.
I will be able to meet him on Friday.

21. Unit 13
Use will be able to (but NOT can) to talk about things you learn.
When I finish this course, I’ll be able to speak French well.
When I was four, I __________ speak two languages.
Which modal goes in the blank space for past abilities?
Use could/ was able to
Do NOT use could in affirmative statements for a single event in the past. Use was/ were able to.
It is possible to use couldn’t for single past events.
I couldn’t pass the test.
I wasn’t able to pass the test.

22. Unit 13
Can is more common than be able to in everyday speech about present ability.
Can you speak French? More common
Are you able to speak French? Less common
We use be able to when the ability to do something comes after a lot of hard work.
French was difficult for me, but now I’m able to have a conversation because I spent a year studying in France.

23. Workbook

24. Unit 14 Permission Can I borrow $5? (please)
Could I borrow $5? (please)
May I borrow $5? (please)
Do they all have the same meaning?
Use Do you mind if to ask permission when an action annoys or inconveniences someone. (bothers)
Do you mind if I turn up the TV?
Do not use do you mind with please.

25. Unit 14 Permission
We usually use informal expressions instead of modals in answers.
Can Sure.
Could I close the door? Of course.
May Go ahead.
Certainly.
When we use a modal in the answer, we almost always use can. We do NOT use could and we rarely use may in short answers.
Could I close the window?
Yes you can.

26. When we refuse permission, we usually apologize and give an explanation. Say: I’m sorry, but + explanation

27. Workbook

28. Unit 15 Request Can Could you copy this report?
Will you copy this report please?
How would you respond?
Short answers: Sure. Certainly. Of course…
Negative answers: I’m sorry. I can’t because…
Would you mind copying this report?
Not at all. Of course not. (what is the meaning of this answer?)
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to leave right after work.

29. Unit 16- Should/ ought to/ had better
Should and ought to= it’s a good idea…
You should go to the supermarket to get vegetables.
You ought to go to the supermarket to get vegetables.
You shouldn’t go to the supermarket to get vegetables.
Maybe you should go to the supermarket to get vegetables.
You had better study for the final exam.
(if you don’t something bad will happen).
You’d better study for the final exam. Who would say this?
Should I eat this hamburger? (questions)