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Unit 5 Nationalism & Sectionalism (1812-1855)
Chapter Focus: How did nationalism and sectionalism affect the United States from the early 1800s to the mid-1800s?
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Nationalism – glorification of the nation Post 1812 War
An Era of Nationalism Focus: How did domestic and foreign policies reflect the nationalism of the times? Nationalism – glorification of the nation Post 1812 War Allowed political dominance Democratic Republicans 1820 James Monroe- landslide “Era of Good Feelings” Helped the country grow National pride and identity
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Nationalist Economic Policy Shift from previous stance (DemRep)
An Era of Nationalism Nationalist Economic Policy Shift from previous stance (DemRep) Now supported industry Federal assistance to increase wealth Henry Clay Leading advocate American System
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An Era of Nationalism Clay’s American System Roads and Canals
Would connect the country Ties regions together Tariff Help increase economy Protect industries National Bank- Reinstate Uncertainty over money values Federal control of money supply & practices
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Marshall & Supreme Court
An Era of Nationalism Marshall & Supreme Court Favored: Strong federal government National Economy Protected government: Federalist ideas Decisions to uphold governments power LOOSE INTERPRETATION - increased government power
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Marshall & Supreme Court
An Era of Nationalism Marshall & Supreme Court McCulloch v. Maryland Reestablished national bank State banks threatened by competition – try to tax Nat. Bank operations Marshall - No taxes against the bank Est. federal law was superior to state law Gibbons v. Ogden -1824 Ended steamboat monopoly (NY) Strengthened interstate commerce (federal power) Marshall’s court creates one large market Large corporations, no state interference Railway for example
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An Era of Nationalism Economic Panic 1815-1860 - 3 major panics
1819,1837,1857 Boom – and - Bust Phases Boom – high demand gains - business, jobs, spending = economy rises Bust losses - business, jobs, spending = economy drops * Some doubt capitalism (productive property owned by individuals) - until rebounds occur
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Nationalism & Foreign Affairs John Quincy Adams
An Era of Nationalism Nationalism & Foreign Affairs John Quincy Adams Monroe’s Sec. of State Son of John Adams Promoted national expansion Hoped to reduce regional tensions
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Nationalism & Foreign Affairs
An Era of Nationalism Nationalism & Foreign Affairs Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) Demilitarization of the Great Lakes Created the longest unfortified border in the world between the US and British North America
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Nationalism & Foreign Affairs
An Era of Nationalism Nationalism & Foreign Affairs Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 – Spain sells Florida to US Andrew Jackson defeats Seminoles Also takes Spanish forts Spain - weak Adams- Onis Treaty Spain gives up claims to Oregon territory (shared with Britain) Allows for expansion and settlement (Florida) Fur trade in Oregon
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Nationalism & Foreign Affairs
An Era of Nationalism Nationalism & Foreign Affairs Monroe Doctrine Named for president Monroe Response to European threats to help Spain reclaim independent Latin American colonies Europe stay out of (colonies*) Latin America that had claimed independence *American Republics Showed a hunger for power Little significance until 1890’s- 1900’s US presence increased in Latin America
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Nationalism and Slavery
An Era of Nationalism Nationalism and Slavery Nationalism couldn’t stop major differences Regional Issues - slavery Up until this point, equal numbers Slave vs. Free States (Equal Representation) Admission of Missouri becomes a heated issue Slave State…yes or no North vs. South
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An Era of Nationalism Nationalism and Slavery Tallmadge Amendment (1819) If Missouri allowed in the Union….. Not allowed to have any more slaves brought into the state Once children turned 25 years old they were to be emancipated Passed in the House, Failed in the Senate
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Nationalism and Slavery Missouri Compromise - 1820
An Era of Nationalism Nationalism and Slavery Missouri Compromise Henry Clay Drew the line* Missouri- slave state Northern Massachusetts becomes Maine free state
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An Era of Nationalism Nationalism and Slavery
Effects of Missouri Compromise Missouri and Maine - new states Regional line drawn Territories South would enter as slave states Territories North would become free states Southerners felt threatened by Northern stance Wanted North to keep quiet about the slavery issue *Nearly incited a slave revolt- Denmark Vesey (SC) Vesey & organizers hanged
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