1. The Romans
Chapter 6

2. Etruscans Romulus and Remus Northern Italy settlers Greeks
Italic-speaking

4. Rome Tiber River 509 B.C. Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler
Res publica
Republic – people choose officals

5. Structure of the republic
Worksheet
Patricians
Consuls
Plebeians
Dictator
Tribunes

6. Veto
Block laws
Intended to protect the plebeians

7. Roman society
Women could hold land, attend public events, and run businesses
Upper and lower class children learned how to read and write. History, politics, rhetoric
Roman mythology – Jupiter and Juno
Polytheistic

8. Expanding the empire Roman army was very powerful
Legion – about 5,000 men
Men were eventually paid and given weapons
Rewards and punishment

9. Maintaining the empire
How might Rome hold such a large empire? Think about how Alexander the Great did this.

10. Maintaining the empire
Conquered people had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes and supply soldiers.
Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and government
Some would even gain partial or full citizenship

11. expansion Romans expanded west into present-day France and Spain
Carthage, in northern Africa, did not like the expansion – map on page 159

12. The Punic Wars
First Punic War – Rome wins, gains Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia
Second Punic War – Hannibal invades, Rome invades, wins
Third Punic War – Rome destroys Carthage
News
Paper
Assignment

13. Imperialism Write the definition Use it in a sentence
Write how Rome imperialized
Write how the US has imperialized
Mare Nostrum “Our Sea”

14. Conquering is hard Latifundia – huge farming estates Slaves Prices
Unemployment
Greed

15. Civil wars Legions of the Roman army were loyal to their commanders
Julius Caesar and Pompey emerge

16. Julius Caesar Gaul (Belgium and France) Read on 161
Makes himself the dictator
“Veni, vidi, vici”
Public works, land to the poor, Roman calendar

17. The Ides of March March 15, 44 B.C.
Caesars enemies wanted to save the republic, thought he was going to make himself king
Stabbed to death
More civil wars
Video

18. Search for murderers Mark Antony – Caesar’s chief general
Octavian – Caesar’s grandnephew
They started battling each other
Octavian defeated Mark Antony and his ally, Queen Cleopatra

19. Augustus
The senate name Octavian Augustus, which means Exalted One – first citizen
31 B.C. to 14 A.D. Augustus ruled
The 500 year-old republic came to an end and the Roman empire began

20. Augustus’ Roman Empire
High-level jobs were open to everybody, postal service, new coins, built roads, temples, and helped unemployed
Ordered a census, to tax people more fairly
Pax Romana – Roman Peace lasted for 200 years
Successors

21. Bad successors
Caligula
Nero

22. Good successors Hadrian – codified Roman law
Built “Hadrian’s Wall” in England
Marcus Aurelius last leader under Pax Romana - Crash Course
The distraction of entertainment
Gladiator video
Interview a Roman

23. Gladiators and circus maximus

24. Greco-Roman
Virgil – wrote the poem Aeneid of Rome’s epic past saying it was just as good as Greek history
Satire – make fun of Roman society
Livy – tells history of Rome
What are these people/writings like?

25. Greco-Roman Roman sculptures
Mosaic – a picture made for chips of colored stone or glass

26. Greco-roman Greek architecture expanded throughout the empire
Arches – made out of concrete
Pantheon – temple honoring Roman gods

27. What year did Pompeii get destroyed. What is the volcano’s name
What year did Pompeii get destroyed? What is the volcano’s name? How do we know some much about roman culture from the eruption?

28. Engineering
Application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines
Road WS
Built everlasting bridges, roads, and harbors

29. Aqueducts
Bridge-like stone structures that carried water from the hills into Roman cities - video
Ptolemy – astronomer-mathematician who proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe
Accepted for nearly 1,500 years and got a lot of people killed

30. Rise of Christianity Polytheistic and pagan religions
Jews are now included in the empire – reluctant
Diaspora – scattering of a population - Jews
Messiah – anointed king sent by God

31. 12 disciples
Apostles – “a person sent forth” – 12 disciples to follow and spread the message
Romans authorities did not like this because they thought he was undermining Roman rule (why would they need Rome)
Crucifixion

32. Martyrs People who suffer of die for their beliefs
“The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Christian Church”

33. Constantine
Edict of Milan – granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire – 313 A.D.
Why did he do this?
Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire and repressed other faiths
Two Worksheets

34. The long decline
Marcus Aurelius died in 180 A.D. ending Pax Romana – some say that this is the start of the decline of the empire
In a 50 year period, at least 26 emperors reigned
Troops loyal to their commander

35. decline Over-cultivation
DIOLETIAN – to restore order, he divided the empire into two parts in 284
Inflation – rise of prices
Page

36. Constantine’s new capital
Moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople
Now the east was the center of power

37. Decline Economic and political reforms work temporarily
Invaders prove to hurt the empire
Visigoths/Ostrogoths/Huns
In 410, Rome was sacked/plundered by the Visigoths
Vandals

38. Decline
476, Germanic leader Odoacer booted out the last emperor of “Rome”
The western Roman empire has “fallen”

39. Decline Mercenaries – foreign soldiers paid to serve and fight
Battles over armies to “elect” their commanders to emperor
Diseases swept the empire
476 is the “fall” of Rome, but the eastern empire stood for over 1000 years in the Byzantine empire
Answer questions on176 and 183