1. Respiratory system

2. 1.Nose
The nose consist of septum that separate the nose in to two halves(nasal septum)
the nose consist of 2 cavities
The anterior opening of the nose is NOSTRILE ,,we have 2 nostriles

3. We have superior, Medill and inferior concha
1.Nose
*nasal vestibule >> consist of stratified squamous epithelium nonkeratinized with coarse hair ,, to trap the dust and insects
*Posterior opening >> choana
*on the lateral wall we find projections called CONCHE (
We have superior, Medill and inferior concha
*meatus >> the groove between the concha ,,we have superior, middle and inferior meatus

4. *The function of Olfactory region is smelling
1.Nose
*Olfactory region >>at the roof of the nose ,,consist of refractory epithelium
*The function of Olfactory region is smelling
*when you have anosmia because of flu ,, this region becomes dry ,,and your smelling will affected

5. Hard and soft palate

6. 2.Pharynx The pharynx length is 15 cm
Extended from the base of the skull to c6 vertebrae
Tubal opening or octacaine tube or auditory tube >>the beginning of the pharynx(connect the nasopharynx with the middle ear)
The pharynx divided to :
1.nasopharynx
2.oropharynx
3.laryngeopharynx

7. 2.Pharynx Pharyngeal tensile >>in the nasopharynx
Palatine tensile >> in the oropharynx

8. 3.Larynx(voice box) The function of larynx is phonation
Consist of 9 cartilages(hyaline + elastic)
the length is 5 cm
Extended from c3 to c6 vertebrae(from the larynx inlet to the c3
Consist of TRUE VOCAL CORD >>white in color because it is a vascular and consist of stratified squamous epithelium keratinized
FALSE VOCAL CORD>> red in color because it is vascular
Between the false and true vocal corda we have ventricle

9. The vocal cords in male are thicker and longer than the female
Posterior of the larynx we have pharynx( laryngopharynx)

10. 3.larynx The epiglottis consist of 1.Elastic cartilage
2.Thyroid cartilage(Adams apple)

11. 4.trachea About 13 cm length Consist of 20C_ shaped cartilage
Start from cricoid cartilage
Defected posteriorly and replace by TRACHEALIS smooth muscle ,, it help us to swallow the food
Behind the trachea we have the esophagus
CARINA >>it is the end of trachea in internal medial cartilage ,,where the trachea divided in to left and right bronchi in the lung

12. 5.Bronchial tree The trachea divided in the lung in to
*Primary bronchi >>conducting (has cartilage)1.
*secondary bronchi >>conducting (has cartilage)2.
*Tertiary bronchi conducting (has cartilage) 3.
4.*bronchioles >> (for gas exchange) there is no cartilage in it
5 respiratory bronchioles >>which divided to alveolus (for gas exchange) .

13. 6. The lungs Surfaces of the lung :
1.Sternocosatal or costal surface(anterior)
2.Posterior surface
3.Diaphragmetic surface (base)
4.Mediastinal surface

14. Border of the lung
1.Anterior (narrow)
2.Posterior (broader)
3. Inferior (narrow)

15. Right lung consist of 3 lobs and two fishers >> horizontal fisher divided the lung to superior and inferior lobe and the oblique fisher divided the right lung to middle and inferior fisher
Left lung consist of 2 lobes and one oblique fisher that divide the left lung to superior and inferior lobes
The right lung is shorter ,wider and heavier
The left lung is smaller, taller and narrower
In the left lung we have cardiac notch

16. The hilum
In the right and left lung we find the hilum ,, it is close to the middle part of the lung from the MEDISTINAL
The blood vessels and the nerves inter the lung by hilum