1. HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE OF BEVERAGES
A PRESENTATION TO NIFST SOUTH EAST CHAPTER REGIONAL FOOD SUMMIT 9-11TH JUNE , 2016 BY
PHILIPPA C OJIMELUKWE
Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

2. HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE OF BEVERAGES
A BEVERAGE- POTABE LIQUID (ESPECIALLY WHEN IT IS NOT WATER)
A LOT OF BEVERAGES ARE AVAILABLE- COFFEE, TEA, MILK, BEER, etc.
THREE FACTORS THAT MAY GUIDE AN INDIVIDUAL IN THE USE OF BEVERAGES- CONTRIBUTION TO ENERGY INTAKE
CONTRIBUTION TO INTAKE OF ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON HEALTH

3. WATER
FOR BREATHING REMOVAL OF WASTE SWEATING RESTORATION OF FLUIDS LOST THROUGH METABOLISM

4. TEA AND COFFEE VERY POPULAR BEVERAGES
VERY RICH IN ANTIOXIDANTS, FLAVONOIDS & OTHER BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS
CONTAINS SUBSTANCES THAT INTEFERE WITH ABSORPTION OF MINERALS SUCH AS PHYTATES AND TANNINS

5. RELATIVELY HIGH IN CALORIES
MILK BASED BEVERAGES
GOOD FOR GROWING CHILDREN SINCE THEY CONTAIN CA AND VIT D FOR BONE DEVELOPMENT
RELATIVELY HIGH IN CALORIES
ADULTS SHOULD LIMIT INTAKE TO AVOID THE RISK OF PROSTRATE/OVARIAN CANCER ESPECIALLY IF THEY HAVE ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF CA

6. SWEETENED BEVERAGES WITHOUT CALORIES
DIET DRINKS WITH CALORIE FREE ARTIFICIAL SWEETNERS
BETTER THAN SOFT DRINKS THAT CONTAIN A LOT OF SUGARS BUT SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN DAILY

7. CALORIE BEVERAGES WITH NUTRIENTS
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE JUICES, MINERAL ENRICHED WATER, . ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE ETC BELONG TO THIS GROUP
MOST OF THESE BEVERAGES SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN MORE THAN ONE SERVING PER DAY

8. RECOMENDED INTAKE OF BEVERAGES FOR HEALTHY LIVING
AT LEAST HALF OF A MANS INTAKE OF FLUIDS SHOULD COME FROM WATER
ONE THIRD CAN COME FROM UNSWEETENED TEA OR COFFEE
IF FLAVOURED WITH CREAM OR WHOLE MILK, ONLY SMALL QUANTITIES SHOULD BE TAKEN (FOR PROPER WEIGHT MANAGEMENT IN ADULTS)
A SMALL GLASS OF FRUIT JUICE /ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES SHOULDBE TAKEN
VERY SMALL QUANTITIES F SWEETENED DRINKS AND DIET DRINKS SHOULD BE TAKEN
BEVERAGES SHOULD NOT CONSTITUTE ORE THAN 10% OF THE CALORIC INTAKE

9. ALCOHOL BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF 0.3% CAN BE LETHAL
HAS A SEDATIVE EFFECT
ALCOHOL STIMULATES SECRETION OF GABA ( A NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT INHIBITS OTHER NEURAL PROCESSES
INCREASES DOPAMINE LEVELS

10. CAFFEINE
A STIMULANT THAT INHIBITS THE ACTION OF ADENOSINE ( A NEUROTRANSMITTER)
INCREASES AROUSAL AND ALERTNESS
HIGH LEVELS LEAD TO NERVOUSNESS, AND ANXIETY
INCREASES DOPAMINE LEVELS

11. TAURINE A FREE AMINO ACID MADE FROM CYSTEINE
UTILIZED DURING BODY EXERCISE AND IN TIMES OF STRESS
REDUCES SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY ASSOCIATED WITH CAFEINE INTAKE
IMPLICATED IN ILLNESSES LIKE HEART DISEASES, SEIZURES AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
DAILY INTAKE SHOULD NOT EXCEED 500mg/day

12. METABOLISM OF ALCOHOL
METABOLIZED BY ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE;ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE;CATALASE;CYTOCHROMEP450 2E (cyp 2E)
CONVERTED TO ACETALDEHYDE (Toxic); ACETATE ((less toxic)
SMALL QUANTITIES OF ALCOHOL INTERACT WITH FATTY ACIDS TO FORM FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTERS (FAEEs)
CONSEQUENCES- LIVER DAMAGE, PANCREAS DAMAGE;
CANCERS

13. METABOLISM OF CAFFEINE
CAFFEINE IS METABOLIZED IN THE LIVER WITHIN 45 MINUTES OF INGESTION INTO PARAXANTHINE;THEOBROMINE AND THEOPHYLLINE
PARAXANTHINE INCREASES LIPOLYSIS
THEOBROMINE DIALATES BLOOD VESSELS AND INCREASES URINE VOLUME
THEOPYLLINE RELAXES SMOOTH MUSCLES

14. DOPAMINE REDUCES ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTES REDUCES INSULIN PRODUCTION
INCREASES SODIUM EXCRETION AND URINE OUTPUT
DILATES BLOOD VESSELS

15. CONCLUSION BEVERAGES ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE HUMAN SYSTEM
WITH THE PROLIFERATION OF BEVERAGES THERE IS A DIRE NEED FOR NUTRITION EDUCATION ON PROPER UTILIZATION
THE ABUSE OF USE OF BEVERAGES HAVE SERIOUS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES