1. TEMPERATURE, SEASONS, SOLTICES, and equinoxes

2. Temperature and latitude
Because Earth’s surface is curved, different parts of Earth’s surface receive different amounts of the sun’s energy.
Temperature and latitude
Sunlight hitting Earth at the equator is direct
Sunlight hitting the curved portions of Earth spreads out, meaning this area receives less energy when compared to the non-curved portions (equator)

3. Temperature and latitude
Earth’s surface becomes more tilted as you move away from the equator
Heat energy from the sun becomes more spread out the further you travel from the equator
This means that regions near the poles receive less energy than regions near the equator
This makes Earth colder at the poles and warmer at the equator

4. What causes the seasons?
Misconceptions

5. SEASONS ARE NOT CAUSED BY EARTH’S DISTANCE FROM THE SUN!!!
In fact, Earth is closest to the sun in January and furthest in July
sEASONS

6. seasons Earth’s seasons are caused by the combination of two things:
The 23.5° tilt of the Earth’s axis
Earth’s revolution around the sun

7. Spring and Summer in the northern hemisphere / Fall and winter in the southern hemisphere
During ½ of Earth’s orbit, the north end of the rotation axis is towards the sun
Because of this, during this time, the northern hemisphere receives more sunlight energy as compared to the southern hemisphere
Temperatures increase in the northern hemisphere and decrease in the southern hemisphere
Daylight hours last longer in the northern
hemisphere and nights last longer in the
southern hemisphere

8. Spring and Summer in the SOUTHERN hemisphere / Fall and winter in the Northern hemisphere
During the other ½ of Earth’s orbit, the south end of the rotation axis is towards the sun
Because of this, during this time, the southern
hemisphere receives more sunlight energy as
compared to the northern hemisphere
Temperatures increase in the southern hemisphere
and decrease in the northern hemisphere
Daylight hours last longer in the southern hemisphere
and nights last longer in the northern hemisphere

9. FUN FACT!
In Australia (southern hemisphere), New Year’s Day is celebrated on the same day as it is in the northern hemisphere, but down under, New Year’s Day is a summer holiday!

10. REVIEW Identify a location on Earth that is experiencing…. Picture 1
A summer night
A summer day
A winter night
A winter day
Picture 2

11. Solstice
Solstice: a day when Earth’s rotation axis is the most toward or away from the Sun
There are two solstices each year:
December Solstice
(north end of axis is most away from the sun)
June Solstice
(north end of axis is more towards the sun)

12. December Solstice December 21st or 22nd (2017 – 21st)
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Shortest day of the year
Longest night of the year
Winter begins
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
Longest day of the year
Shortest night of the year
Summer begins

13. June Solstice June 20th or 21st (2017- 21st )
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Longest day of the year
Shortest night of the year
Summer begins
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
Shortest day of the year
Longest night of the year
Winter begins

14. Equinox Equi means “the same”
Equinox: a day when Earth’s rotation axis is leaning along Earth’s orbit, neither toward nor away from the Sun
There are two equinoxes each year:
March Equinox (same amount of sunlight in northern and southern hemisphere)
September Equinox (same amount of sunlight in northern and southern hemisphere)

15. March Equinox March 20th or 21st (2017: 20th)
There are 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness everywhere on Earth
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Spring begins
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
Autumn begins

16. September equinox September 22nd or 23rd (2017: 22nd)
There are 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness everywhere on earth
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Autumn begins
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
Spring begins