1. EMS Annual Meeting:
European Conference for Applied Meteorology and Climatology –8 September 2017
Dublin, Ireland
Customizing the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for west Spitsbergen fjords
Szymon Kosecki – Centre Of Polar studies, IOPAN
Kjetil Schanke Aas – University of Oslo
ROBERT ROZUMALSKI – NOAA FEDERAL
Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka – IOPAN
JAROMIR JAKACKI – IOPAN

2. Main goals Introduction Determine local wind conditions in fjords
Determine wind conditions at the West Spitsbergen shelf
Make reliable temperaturę fileld over Hornsund and Kongsfjord
Determine other important parameters like solar radiation, precipitation, evaporation
hindcast - Focus on wind!

3. Why do I need WRF for my PhD?
Introduction
Why do I need WRF for my PhD?
The importance of reliable wind and temperature fields for further hydrodynamical
The resolution of the available reanalysis data sets is nearly non representative for the west Spitsbergen fjords
Large influence of orography in diurnal, seasonal and annual air masses cycle
Large variation of the topography

4. The problems with WRF winds – Jimenez, Dudhia (1)
Overestimation of the wind speed at the plains and valleys
Wind speed underestimation at the mountaintops and hilltops
Representation of the drag associated with the unresolved orography
The effects of the unresolved topography
(1) Pedro A. Jimenez et al „Improving the Representation of Resolved and Unserolved Topographic Effects on the Surface Wind in WRF Model.”

5. Wind parameterization – Jimenez, Dudhia (1)
Nondimensional Laplacian operator:
related to the traditional Laplacian by:
The factor ct as a function of the nondimentional Laplacian and sub-grid topography standard deviation
Momentum–conservation equation modyfication by :
(1) Pedro A. Jimenez et al „Improving the Representation of Resolved and Unserolved Topographic Effects on the Surface Wind in WRF Model.”

6. The problems with WRF winds – Clifford Mass (2)
WRF generally has a substantial overprediction bias for all but the lightest winds.
Not enough light winds.
Winds are generally too geostrophic over land.
Not enough contrast between winds over land and water.
This problem is evident virtually everywhere and appears to occur in all PBL schemes available with WRF.
4km domain over Washington
(2) Clifford F. Mass, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and D. Ovens, „Fixing WRF's High Speed Wind Bias: A New Subgrid Scale Drag Parameterization and the Role of Detailed Verification”
Conference matterials (2011)

7. Wind parameterization – Clifford Mass et al
Wind parameterization – Clifford Mass et al. 2011– University of Washington (2)
Also use a sink therm in the momentum equations
Unfortunatelly there is no information about the parameterization equations in literature, shown figures came from misterious „experiment 71”
Deduct from the conference matterials it is based on u* modyfication and variance of sub-grid topography
The parameterization was discused with author of the previos one, so they might be slightly similar.
(2) Clifford F. Mass, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and D. Ovens, „Fixing WRF's High Speed Wind Bias: A New Subgrid Scale Drag Parameterization and the Role of Detailed Verification”
Conference matterials (2011)

8. Model domain setup 4-km resolution 12-km resolution 800-m resolution
55 vertical ETA levels
Upper boundary at Pa level
One-way nested domains:
4-km resolution
12-km resolution
800-m resolution
800-m resolution

9. Model physical options setup
PBL Scheme : Yonsei University (Hong, Song–You, Yign Noh, Jimy Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318– 2341.) Microphysics Scheme : Thompson Aerosol-Aware (Thompson, Gregory, and Trude Eidhammer, 2014: A study of aerosol impacts on clouds and precipitation development in a large winter cyclone.J. Atmos. Sci., 71.10, ) Land Surface Scheme : Noah 4-Layer LSM (Tewari, M., F. Chen, W. Wang, J. Dudhia, M. A. LeMone, K. Mitchell, M. Ek, G. Gayno, J. Wegiel, and R. H. Cuenca, 2004: Implementation and verification of the unified NOAH land surface model in the WRF model. 20th conference on weather analysis and forecasting/16th conference on numerical weather prediction, pp. 11–15.) Long Wave Radiation : RRTM (Mlawer, Eli. J., Steven. J. Taubman, Patrick. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough (1997), Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated–k model for the longwave. J. Geophys. Res.,102, 16663–16682.) Short Wave Radiation : Goddard (GFDL) Short Wave (Fels, Stephen. B., and M. D. Schwarzkopf, 1981, An efficient, accurate algorithm for calculating CO2 15 ?m band cooling rates. J. Geophys. Res.,86, 1205–1232.)
The physical options largely follow the ones used in POLAR WRF for Arctic land conditions
(Hines et al. 2011)
and in the WRF applied for Svalbard for surface energy ballance simulation
(Schanke et al. 2014)

10. Chosen experiment results
wind roses from simulatiuons without wind correction scheme
chose of the „ representative grid-cell” ?
the type of reanalysis does not affect on the wind directions
clear 30deg rotation
refined topography and calculated subgrid standard deviation
Observation – Polish Polar Station, Hornsund
Era Interim experiment
CFSR experiment

11. Chosen experiment results
2-meter temperature validation

12. Chosen experiment results
10m-wind validation

13. 2-meter temperature validation
Hornsund - simutation version 10

14. 10-m wind speed validation
Hornsund - simulation version 10

15. 10-m wind speed validation
Hornsund - simulation version 11

16. 10-m wind speed validation
Hornsund - simulation version 12

17. Summary and conclusions:
The model has been applied correctly and works sable
Significant improvment of the 10-m wind speed has been proven
Simulated temperature doesn’t change with applied wind parameterization schemes
There is strong need to perform insitu measurements
The model has to be further improvd especially due to temperaturę bias

18. Thank you for attention