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Fig. 1. Age-stage–specific survival rate (S<sub>xj</sub>) of Bradysia odoriphaga reared on different hosts (Chinese chive, Welsh onion, garlic, oyster mushroom, and humus). From: Effects of Feeding on Different Host Plants and Diets on Bradysia Odoriphaga Population Parameters and Tolerance to Heat and Insecticides J Econ Entomol. 2017;110(6): doi: /jee/tox242 J Econ Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please
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Fig. 2. Age-specific survival rate (l<sub>x</sub>), age-specific fecundity (m<sub>x</sub>), and age-specific maternity (l<sub>x</sub>m<sub>x</sub>) of Bradysia odoriphaga reared on different hosts (Chinese chive, Welsh onion, garlic, oyster mushroom, and humus). From: Effects of Feeding on Different Host Plants and Diets on Bradysia Odoriphaga Population Parameters and Tolerance to Heat and Insecticides J Econ Entomol. 2017;110(6): doi: /jee/tox242 J Econ Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please
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Fig. 3. L<sub>tim50</sub> of fourth instar Bradysia odoriphaga larvae reared on different diets after heat shock at 38 and 40°C. The values (95% CL) were calculated according to the Boltzmann regression equations (equation 1). L<sub>tim50</sub> = median lethal. From: Effects of Feeding on Different Host Plants and Diets on Bradysia Odoriphaga Population Parameters and Tolerance to Heat and Insecticides J Econ Entomol. 2017;110(6): doi: /jee/tox242 J Econ Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please
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Fig. 4. CAT (A), POD (B), and SOD (C) activities of fourth instar Bradysia odoriphaga larvae reared on different hosts. Each value represents the mean (±SE) of four replications. Different letters over the bars indicate the significant difference at P<0.05 (Tukey’s HSD). CAT (catalase); POD (peroxidase); SOD (superoxide dismutase); SE (standard error). From: Effects of Feeding on Different Host Plants and Diets on Bradysia Odoriphaga Population Parameters and Tolerance to Heat and Insecticides J Econ Entomol. 2017;110(6): doi: /jee/tox242 J Econ Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please
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Fig. 5. GSTs (A) and CarE (B) activities of fourth instar Bradysia odoriphaga larvae reared on different hosts. Each value represents the mean (±SE) of four replications. Different letters over the bars indicate the significant difference at P<0.05 (Tukey’s HSD). CarE (carboxylesterase); GSTs (glutathione S-transferase). From: Effects of Feeding on Different Host Plants and Diets on Bradysia Odoriphaga Population Parameters and Tolerance to Heat and Insecticides J Econ Entomol. 2017;110(6): doi: /jee/tox242 J Econ Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please
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