1. Cold War Developments, 1956-1963
In what ways did a bipartisan consensus emerge during the Cold War?

2. The Eisenhower Doctrine
A country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state. Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism.“
made in response to the Soviet Union’s attempt to use the Suez War as a pretext to enter Egypt.

3. The Cold War Under “Ike”
Interstate Highway Act (1956)
Construction of national highway system using tax dollars
created jobs; expanded travel, industry, trucking
Funded as Cold War defense strategy
Brinkmanship (Dulles)
Willingness to go to the brink of war would block Soviet expansion
Nuclear buildup, H-Bomb
MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction
Fallout shelters, “duck and cover”
Post-colonialism
India, Pakistan, Ghana
CIA Covert Action
Iran – overthrew elected government to restore Reza Pahlavi
Guatemala – overthrew leftist government

5. The Cold War Under “Ike”
Hungarian Revolt
US took no action as Soviets crushed revolt to maintain its sphere of influence
Sputnik – Soviets beat us to space
NASA
National Defense Education Act
emphasis on science, foreign languages
Communist Revolution in Cuba
Military Industrial Complex
President warned about the relationship between industry and military, which grew rapidly in scale and influence in the wake of World War II

6. JFK: Liberal Cold Warrior
Cuba and the Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)
Failed attempt to overthrow Castro
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
US naval blockade
Agreement: Soviets removed missiles from Cuba and US agreed not to launch air strike and to remove missiles from Turkey
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)

7. JFK Foreign Policy “Flexible response” in dealing with communism
Alliance for Progress
aimed to establish greater economic cooperation between North and South America
Peace Corps
Americans volunteer to help underdeveloped nations in areas such as education, farming, health care, and construction.
West Berlin speech
On June 26, 1963, Kennedy visited West Berlin and gave a public speech criticizing communism, using the construction of the Berlin Wall as an example of the failures of communism.
Vietnam
Kennedy increased the number of U.S. military in Vietnam from 800 to 16,300
faced a crisis in Vietnam: despite increased U.S. support, the South Vietnamese military was only marginally effective against pro-Communist Viet Minh and Viet Cong forces.