1. Workflows in archaeology & heritage sciences
Fieldwork: can be planned (based on research questions) or unplanned (caused by an emergency). Collects sample for lab work. Produces data (texts, 2D/3D, numeric measure), temporarily stored on portable devices, to be further processed and then stored in a stable location – and also used for determining next steps in fieldwork.
Experiment, i.e. analysis made using chemistry/physics/biology: setup depends on instrument specifications and purpose, and on researcher’s design to obtain answers to specific research questions.
Overall current workflow. Information is gathered on field, analyzed using the researcher knowledge, previous research and studying the finds in the laboratory. The latter may be simple inspection/comparison/assembly or may imply making experiments.
Workflow in a digital environment. Most of the above activities are computer-aided.
Collaborative workflow in a digital environment. Results are shared via digital collaboration tools.

2. FIELDWORK RESEARCH QUESTION EMERGENCY FIELDWORK ACTIVITIES
Planned
Unplanned
RESEARCH
QUESTION
EMERGENCY
e.g. casual discovery, damages, collapse
FIELDWORK
ACTIVITIES
On-field analysis
Production of
temporary data
Temporary storage
Sample collection
for lab work
Text documentation
Images, video, 3D
‘Scientific’ data
Data cleaning
& post-processing
Permanentstorage
STANDARDS APPLY

3. Bibliography Reference collections
LAB WORK - Experiment workflow
Samples,
standards
Manufacturer
instructions
Experiment
setup
Experiment
design
Instruments
specs
EXPERIMENT
SOP
Protocols
Analysis
Results
RESEARCH
QUESTION
Annotations
Data
Bibliography Reference collections
Reports

4. Reference Collections
OVERALL (CURRENT) WORKFLOW
Field
Observation
Analysis
Bibliography,
Reference Collections
Outcome
Visualization,
Analysis
Researcher
Interpretation,
Annotations
Domain
Expertise
Reports
Laboratory

5. Researcher OVERALL (FUTURE) WORKFLOW Field Analysis Observation
Digital Libraries,
Reference Collections
(Digital) Outcome
Integrated
Digital
Repository
Visualization
Researcher
Interpretation
Reports,
Annotations
Domain
Expertise
Digital documentation
(records, 2D, 3D)
Laboratory

6. Researcher A Researcher B OVERALL (COLLABORATIVE) WORKFLOW Domain
Samples
Analysis
Digital outcome
Visualization
Interpretation
Reports,
Annotations
Field
Observation
Domain
Expertise
Laboratory experiment
Laboratory
Integrated
Digital
Repository
Digital documentation
Researcher A
Analysis
Digital outcome
Visualization
Interpretation
Reports,
Annotations
Digital Libraries,
Reference Collections
Researcher B
Laboratory
Laboratory experiment
Domain
Expertise
Samples
Field
Observation

7. Workflows in cultural heritage management
Objectives:
Management and planning.
Research data provision.
Communication and dissemination.
Data are produced according to administrative criteria. They may be re-used for research, need filtering and mapping to research needs. They may also be used for communication, need filtering and re-authoring.
Research data may be extracted and duplicated (issue: maintenance) or produced on-the-fly (issue: performance). The diagram shows the case of duplication.
Communication data are usually extracted, re-authored and stored apart.

8. CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
Planned
Forms with
Text documentation
Images, video, 3D
‘Scientific’ data
ADMINISTRATIVE
REQUIREMENTS
DATA
COLLECTION
Permanentstorage
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTIVITIES
FILTER,
MAPPING
Research
Data
FILTER,
PROCESSING
Data for
Presentation &
Communication
ADAPTATION

9. Main services used Data access: authentication, authorization, access
Data curation: ingestion, storage, management, preservation
Quality assessment of data & metadata
Annotation
Resource discovery (Resource Registry)
Faceted searches, semantics etc.
Facets: where, when, who, what